Test 5 Articles

Question 1

Possible exacerbating factors of orthostatic hypotension:

Answer 1

• Parkinson’s disease
• Antihypertension meditation
• post-prandial hypotension
• Dehydration

Question 2

Danger of prolonged shock:

Answer 2

Multiple organs fail from lack of oxygen

Question 3

Melonoma:

Answer 3

A neoplasm from melanocytes (which live in the skin)

Question 4

Treatment for cancer, makes you feel truly horrible

Answer 4

Interferon Alpha-therapy:

Question 5

radiation therapy into a specific area, with the intent to relieve pain from a terminal patient.

Answer 5

Palliative radiotherapy:

Question 6

Localized treatment in one zone provides a systemic cure for cancer.

Answer 6

Abscopal Phenomena:

Question 7

Absocopal Phenomena:

- Explanations:

Answer 7

• Explanations:
  Tumor cells seem to have a way of cloaking their antigens.
• the appearance of these cloaked antigens on millions of cells as they die, or right after they died, may awaken the immune response on a global level to the antigen
• Regulatory T cells in cancer normally shield cancer from the immune response, the mass death/antigen exposure, may cause them to stop shielding them.

Question 8

In steve a young line backer, a a mass the size of a canteloupe was compressing he area where the trachea splits into two smaller tubes.
What was this mass?

Answer 8

A cancer related to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (which spreads rapidly)

Question 9

An attempt to block the airway went poorly when a cancerous mass pushed it close, this is called?

Answer 9

Losing the airway

Question 10

When the airway was lost within a young line backer, how was it reopened?

Answer 10

rigid bronchoscope was forced in

Question 11

How was ventilation achieved when a young line backer lost his airway?

Answer 11

The doctor breathed into the tube, lower oxygen content came from the Drs. lungs, but it was still enough to save the patient.

Question 12

Lymphoma:

Answer 12

A cancer of the lymph nodes

Question 13

A nerve numbing drug, which blocks nerve pain in the lungs is called what?

Answer 13

QX-314

Question 14

an acute exacerbation of asthma that remains unresponsive to initial treatment with bronchodilators.

Answer 14

asthmaticus:

Question 15

What is the cause of asthma:

Answer 15

Histamine and other inflammatory molecules from a hypersensitivity reaction (eosophil release the histamine) trigger constriction of smooth muscle around the bronchi.

Question 16

Asthma has been increasing in prevalence, what might be the reason?
- Is asthma more common in caucasians or africans?

Answer 16

Cigarette smoke, dust might, air pollution, industrial allergens.
Africans

Question 17

Magnesium has what effect on an asthma attack?

Answer 17

Broncho dilater

Question 18

Is an antiinflamatory steroid which treats asthma

Answer 18

Solumedrol:

Question 19

Ultimate problem in asthma is (getting air in or out?)

Answer 19

Getting air out

Question 20

quick onset of asthma, can shut down the lungs within hours

Answer 20

Sudden asphyxic asthma:

Question 21

Labor has been cited as taking 2 1/2 hours longer now then it did in the 1960’s. Why?

Answer 21

Mother’s tend to be older and weight more.

Painkilling epidurals slow delivery

Question 22

Guidelines for cesarian-sections:

Answer 22

• don’t order a c-section because of a prolonged latent phase (first phase).
• active labor comes later (6 cm dilation)
• Allow them to push 2 hours if they’ve had a baby before. 3 hours if they haven’t. Longer if they had have an epidural
• Forceps can help with removal, but few doctors are trained to use them.

Question 23

Latent phase of labor:

Answer 23

Goes until the cervix is dilated to 6 cm.

Question 24

Active labor:

Answer 24

Goes from the time the cervix is dilated to 6 cm onward.

- pushing is much more vigorous in this phase

Question 25

Pulse oximeter:

• How does it measure?
• What does it give you?

Answer 25

• How does it measure?
  Clips on fingertip, one LED emits 600 - 750 wavelength, more of which is absorbed by deoxyhemoglobin. Another LED emits 850 - 1000 nm which detects oxyhemoglobin
• What does it give you?
  Percent oxyhemoglobin saturation

Question 26

The amount of oxygen your blood and lungs can carry:

Answer 26

Oxygen carrying capacity

Question 27

Breast Feeding helps prevent:

Answer 27

stomach viruses
ear infections
asthma
juvenile diabetes
SIDS
childhood leukemia

Question 28

Breast feeding main two effects:

Answer 28

IgA and some IgG in intestine
increased insulin levels
Good nutrition

Question 29

Urinary tract infection:

• What two routes can they spread through?
• What is the treatment?

Answer 29

• What two routes can they spread through?
  From the bladder to the kidney (younger patients)
  From the bladder to the bloodstream (older patients, diabetics)
• What is the treatment?
  Fluoroquinolone

Question 30

Infection of the kidney is called:

Answer 30

Pyelonephritis (latin for kidney on fire)

Question 31

What can masquerade as a UTI?

Answer 31

An intestinal infection