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biosci106 things i don't get > test > Flashcards

test Flashcards

1
Q

glucagon and adrenaline decrease the concentration of

A

fructose 2 6 biphosphate

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2
Q

glucagon increases the levels of

A

phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase

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3
Q

how does glucagon and adrenaline affect pyruvate kinase to encourage gluconeogenesis to occur?

A

by phosphorylating pyruvate kinase

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4
Q

What is bypass 1 in gluconeogensis?

A

to overcome pyruvate kinase pyruvate carbocylase is used instead which form oxaloacetate
This is transformed to phosphoenol pyruvate by phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase

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5
Q

What is bypass 2 in gluconeogensis?

A

to transform fructose 1 6 biphosphate to fructose 6 phosphate
fructose 1 6 biphophatase is used instead.

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6
Q

What is bypass 3 in gluconeogensis?

A

glucose 6 phosphate is converted to glucose

by glucose 6 phosphatase

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7
Q

In the electron transport chain what is complex I called?

A

NADH Q oxidoreductase

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8
Q

In the electron transport chain what is complex II called?

A

succinate q reductase

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9
Q

In the electron transport chain what is complex III called?

A

Q cytochrome c oxidoreductase

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10
Q

In the electron transport chain what is complex IV called?

A

cytochrome c oxidase

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11
Q

What does complex I in the electron transport chain do?

A

4 protons are pumped across for every pair of electrons that pass through

ubiquinone is turned into ubiquinol

via NADH

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12
Q

What does complex II in the electron transport chain do?

A

FADH2

ubiquinone to ubiquinol

no protons are pumped across

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13
Q

What does complex III in the electron transport chain do?

A

4 protons are pumped across and electrons go to cytochrome c

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14
Q

What does complex IV in the electron transport chain do?

A

accepts electrons from cytochrome c and transfers electrons to oxygen to make water

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15
Q

Draw the critic acid cycle:

A

Molecules:
Can I keep selling sex for money officer?

Enzymes:
So, At a dance donavon sipped down five drinks

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16
Q

The larger the value of Ka the _______ the value of the Kd

A

smaller

17
Q

What is the overall equation for the critic acid cycle?

A

Acetyl coA + 2 water molecules —> 2 CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP

18
Q

What is the overall equation for glycolysis?

A

glucose —-> 2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2ATP + 2 water molecules

2ATP is from phosphoglycerate kinase
2 water molecules is from enolase

19
Q

Name the three enzymes in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and what they produce:

A

E1 - pyruvate dehydrogenase - CO2
E2 - dihydrolipoyl transacetylase - acteyl coA
E3 - dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase - NADH

20
Q

What are the 5 fates of pyruvate?

A 
ethanol 
lactate
alanine 
oxaloacetate 
acetyl coA
21
Q

What is phosphofructokinase affected by?

A

activated by AMP and ADP
activated by fructose 2 6 biphosphate

inhibited by ATP
inhibited by citrate

22
Q

What is hexokinase affected by?

A

inhibited by glucose 6 phosphate

23
Q

What is pyruvate kinase affected by?

A

inhibited by ATP
inhibited by acetyl coA

activated by fructose 1 6 biphosphate

24
Q

Draw glycolysis out:

A

Molecules:
Gross guys favour butts, but good and dreamy boy 4Ps

Enzymes:
Hungry peter pan and the growling pink panther eat pies

25
Q

chitin has what special feature and what glycosidic linkage?

A

beta 1-4

with nitrogen appendage

26
Q

cellulose linkage?

A

beta 1-4

straight chains

27
Q

amylopectin and glycogen similarities and differences?

A

alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6

branched except glycogen is more branched

28
Q

amylose linkage?

A

alpha 1-4

forms a sphere with OH groups facing outwards so more soluble in water

29
Q

Draw the hill plot for an allosteric enzyme

A

do it

30
Q

draw LB graph

A

do it

31
Q

Mecelis Menten equation does not apply to the

A

homotropic effect

32
Q

What is a holoprotein?

A

an apoprotein with its prosthetic group

33
Q

What is the structure for immunoglobin domains?

A

2 layers of antiparallel beta sheets are stacked face to face and a fold occurs once in constant region and one in the variable region

34
Q

What is special about histidine?

A

it is found in the active sites of most enzymes since it has a pka of 4-8

35
Q

What is special about glycine?

A

it is small
flexible
and fits into small spaces

36
Q

proline

A

causes kinks

37
Q

beta sheets are

A

flexible

38
Q

when u add a reducing agent how does this denature proteins?

A

breaks disulphide bonds

39
Q

when u add a rorganiz solvent or a detergent how does this denature proteins?

A

breaks hydrophobic interactions

biosci106 things i don't get (1 decks)

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