test

Question 1

glucagon and adrenaline decrease the concentration of

Answer 1

fructose 2 6 biphosphate

Question 2

glucagon increases the levels of

Answer 2

phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase

Question 3

how does glucagon and adrenaline affect pyruvate kinase to encourage gluconeogenesis to occur?

Answer 3

by phosphorylating pyruvate kinase

Question 4

What is bypass 1 in gluconeogensis?

Answer 4

to overcome pyruvate kinase pyruvate carbocylase is used instead which form oxaloacetate
This is transformed to phosphoenol pyruvate by phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase

Question 5

What is bypass 2 in gluconeogensis?

Answer 5

to transform fructose 1 6 biphosphate to fructose 6 phosphate
fructose 1 6 biphophatase is used instead.

Question 6

What is bypass 3 in gluconeogensis?

Answer 6

glucose 6 phosphate is converted to glucose

by glucose 6 phosphatase

Question 7

In the electron transport chain what is complex I called?

Answer 7

NADH Q oxidoreductase

Question 8

In the electron transport chain what is complex II called?

Answer 8

succinate q reductase

Question 9

In the electron transport chain what is complex III called?

Answer 9

Q cytochrome c oxidoreductase

Question 10

In the electron transport chain what is complex IV called?

Answer 10

cytochrome c oxidase

Question 11

What does complex I in the electron transport chain do?

Answer 11

4 protons are pumped across for every pair of electrons that pass through

ubiquinone is turned into ubiquinol

via NADH

Question 12

What does complex II in the electron transport chain do?

Answer 12

FADH2

ubiquinone to ubiquinol

no protons are pumped across

Question 13

What does complex III in the electron transport chain do?

Answer 13

4 protons are pumped across and electrons go to cytochrome c

Question 14

What does complex IV in the electron transport chain do?

Answer 14

accepts electrons from cytochrome c and transfers electrons to oxygen to make water

Question 15

Draw the critic acid cycle:

Answer 15

Molecules:
Can I keep selling sex for money officer?

Enzymes:
So, At a dance donavon sipped down five drinks

Question 16

The larger the value of Ka the _______ the value of the Kd

Answer 16

smaller

Question 17

What is the overall equation for the critic acid cycle?

Answer 17

Acetyl coA + 2 water molecules —> 2 CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP

Question 18

What is the overall equation for glycolysis?

Answer 18

glucose —-> 2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2ATP + 2 water molecules

2ATP is from phosphoglycerate kinase
2 water molecules is from enolase

Question 19

Name the three enzymes in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and what they produce:

Answer 19

E1 - pyruvate dehydrogenase - CO2
E2 - dihydrolipoyl transacetylase - acteyl coA
E3 - dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase - NADH

Question 20

What are the 5 fates of pyruvate?

Answer 20

ethanol 
lactate
alanine 
oxaloacetate 
acetyl coA

Question 21

What is phosphofructokinase affected by?

Answer 21

activated by AMP and ADP
activated by fructose 2 6 biphosphate

inhibited by ATP
inhibited by citrate

Question 22

What is hexokinase affected by?

Answer 22

inhibited by glucose 6 phosphate

Question 23

What is pyruvate kinase affected by?

Answer 23

inhibited by ATP
inhibited by acetyl coA

activated by fructose 1 6 biphosphate

Question 24

Draw glycolysis out:

Answer 24

Molecules:
Gross guys favour butts, but good and dreamy boy 4Ps

Enzymes:
Hungry peter pan and the growling pink panther eat pies

Question 25

chitin has what special feature and what glycosidic linkage?

Answer 25

beta 1-4 | with nitrogen appendage

Question 26

cellulose linkage?

Answer 26

beta 1-4 | straight chains

Question 27

amylopectin and glycogen similarities and differences?

Answer 27

alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 | branched except glycogen is more branched

Question 28

amylose linkage?

Answer 28

alpha 1-4 | forms a sphere with OH groups facing outwards so more soluble in water

Question 29

Draw the hill plot for an allosteric enzyme

Answer 29

do it

Question 30

draw LB graph

Answer 30

do it

Question 31

Mecelis Menten equation does not apply to the

Answer 31

homotropic effect

Question 32

What is a holoprotein?

Answer 32

an apoprotein with its prosthetic group

Question 33

What is the structure for immunoglobin domains?

Answer 33

2 layers of antiparallel beta sheets are stacked face to face and a fold occurs once in constant region and one in the variable region

Question 34

What is special about histidine?

Answer 34

it is found in the active sites of most enzymes since it has a pka of 4-8

Question 35

What is special about glycine?

Answer 35

it is small flexible and fits into small spaces

Question 36

proline

Answer 36

causes kinks

Question 37

beta sheets are

Answer 37

flexible

Question 38

when u add a reducing agent how does this denature proteins?

Answer 38

breaks disulphide bonds

Question 39

when u add a rorganiz solvent or a detergent how does this denature proteins?

Answer 39

breaks hydrophobic interactions