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Crim 150 > Test 6 150 CHs 13 and 16 > Flashcards

Test 6 150 CHs 13 and 16 Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

The first major piece of federal antidrug legislation was the _________

A

Harrison Narcotics Act

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2
Q

the _____ forms the basis of federal enforcement efforts today

A

Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act

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3
Q

Stealing prescription medicines for recreational use is known as _______

A

pharmaceutical diversion

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4
Q

The two-market system would provide _____ with legitimate access to controlled substances

A

registered drug addicts

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5
Q

During the 19th century, baby formulas containing ______ were fed to infants born to addicted mothers

A

opium

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6
Q

The ______ was an early American system of imprisonment that was considered to be humane and that provided inmates with the opportunity for rehabilitation

A

Pennsylvania system

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7
Q

Which of the following is a strategy for dealing with serious offenders that focuses on protecting society rather than on rehabilitation?

A

warehousing

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8
Q

What was the original purpose of a jail?

A

to hold arrested suspects who are awaiting trial

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9
Q

Which of the following statements regarding prison privatization is true?

A

correctional officers working in private prisons are not covered by state laws that govern the activities of public correctional officers

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10
Q

What made Maconochie’s system of marks unique and innovative in corrections at that time?

A

it put the responsibility for earning early release on the inmate

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11
Q

prison as a place for time served

A

new development

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12
Q

lex talionis

A

law of retaliation, “eye for an eye”

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13
Q

flogging

A

historically the most widely used physical punishment

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14
Q

mutilation

A

specific deterrent that makes it difficult or impossible to commit future crimes

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15
Q

branding

A

early way to readily identify convicted offenders and warn others of their dangerous potential

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16
Q

public humiliation

A

early punishments designed to publicly humiliate offenders and give community members opportunity for vengeance

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17
Q

workhouses

A

early form of imprisonment whose purpose was to instill habits of industry in the idle - did not incarcerate criminal offenders

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18
Q

exile

A

banishment

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19
Q

humanitarian alternative to corporal punishment

A

prison

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20
Q

The Penitentiary Era

A

Quakers saw incarceration as an opportunity for pennance

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21
Q

Mass Prison Era

A

high cost of solitary confinement led prisons to abandon the Pennsylvania model

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22
Q

Industrial Era

A

Ashurst-Sumners Act prohibiting the interstate sale of prison goods

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23
Q

Punitive Era

A

characterized by belief that prisoners owed debt to society - could only repay it by rigorous period of confinement

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24
Q

Treatment Era

A

based on medical model of corrections - emphasis on rehabilitation through treatment

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25
Community-based era
halfway houses, work release programs, open institutions
26
Warehousing era
period of mass imprisonment - just desert model of sentencing
27
Just deserts era
focuses on individual responsibility
28
Evidence based era
emphasis on evidence based corrections
29
just deserts philosophy
led to substantial continued increases in the American prison population even as crime rates were dropping
30
rated capacity
the number of inmates a prison can handle according to experts
31
operational capacity
the number of inmates a prison can accommodate based on management considerations
32
design capacity
the number of inmates a prison was designed to hold (shows most overcrowding)
33
Rhodes v. Chapman
overcrowding alone is not cruel and unusual
34
collective incapacitation
imprison almost all serious offenders
35
selective incapacitation
identify and imprison only the most dangerous offenders
36
Maximum-security level
high fences, thick wall, secure cells, guard towers, armed prison guards
37
medium security level
resembles maximum security but smaller and less secure architectural design
38
minimum security
inmates housed in dormitory-like settings
39
federal correctional workforce
one of the fastest growing in the country
40
jails
locally operated short term confinement facilities
41
typical jail inmate
unmarried black male between 25 and 34 with some high school education
42
women
14% of jail population
43
classification systems
assign inmates to custody levels based on perceived dangerousness, escape risk, offense type
44
direct supervision jails
pods linked to each other, eliminates many of the traditional barriers between inmates and staff
45
privatization
use of private rather than government prisons
46
private prison
prison operated by private firm on behalf of local or state government
47
the _____ model of corrections emphasized indeterminate sentencing and rehabilitation
reformatory
48
work release is representative of which era in the U.S. development of prisons
community based era
49
Robert Martinson's "nothing works" doctrine was an attack on _______
treatment
50
Federal inmates are most commonly sentenced for ________
drug law violations
51
What is the purpose of an external or internal classification system in corrections?
to assign new inmates to a custody level
52
Reformatory Era
tension between the Auburn and Pennsylvania systems began; Maconochie came up with the marks system during this time
53
Sir Walter Crofton
idea of early release, could be revoked like probation
54
drug abuse
illicit drug use that results in social, economic, psychological, or legal problems for the user
55
drug abuse
one of the most serious law enforcement problems facing communities today
56
controlled substance
a specifically defined bioactive or psychoactive chemical substance proscribed by law
57
drug
any chemical substance defined by social convention as bioactive or psychoactive
58
recreational drug user
a person who uses drugs infrequently
59
marijuana
being legalized statewide but not federally
60
alcohol misuse
laws define DUI as .08% BAC
61
alcohol-related crashes
22% of all fatal crashes
62
A _____ is a person who uses drugs relatively infrequently and in social contexts that define drug use as pleasurable
recreational drug user
63
Which of the following best typifies the public health generalist approach to drug policy in the U.S.?
All controlled substances are potentially harmful
64
According to the Federal Controlled Substances Act, drugs that fall into _____ have no established medical usage and have great potential for abuse
Schedule I
65
______ are synthetic psychoactive substances often found at "raves" and dance parties?
club drug
66
Which of the following strategies substantially reduces the penalties associated with drug use but may not eliminate them entirely?
decriminalization
67
abandonment
property that has been clearly thrown away or discarded is not protected by the 4th Amend.
68
curtilage
area surrounding a residence that can be reasonably be said to be a part of the residence
69
open-fields doctrine
courts allowed searches of open area fields without a warrant
70
drug trafficking
trading and dealing in controlled substances
71
DEA mission statement
to enforce the controlled substance law in the U.S.
72
marijuana
usually smoked; may be eaten or made into tea
73
cocaine
most potent natural CNS stimulants, some medical value
74
heroin
opium derivative
75
methamphetamine
stimulant related to amphetamines but with stronger effects on CNS
76
club drugs
a general term used primarily for synthetic psychoactive drugs/substances often found at nightclubs, bars, and raves
77
pharmaceutical diversions
transfer of prescription medicines controlled by Controlled Substances Act by fraudulent means for other than intended legitimate purposes
78
justice system expenditures
criminal justice costs, direct costs to victims
79
health care costs
money spent on emergency room care, ongoing medical treatment for drug abuse, dependence, etc.
80
lost productivity
specialty treatment costs
81
three dimensions of direct costs of drug-related crime
- losses from crimes committed by drug users to obtain money for drugs or crimes committed by users whose judgement is altered from drugs - costs associated with drug transactions(people spend money on drugs) - losses due to organized criminal activities in support of the drug trade
82
asset forfeiture
allows judges to seize money and items of value related to illegal drug sales
83
interdiction
interception of drugs at U.S. borders(ports of entry)
84
crop control
attempt to limit amount of drugs available for illicit market by targeting foreign producers
85
D.A.R.E.
majority of studies suggest this is not an effective program, but well-liked by communities
86
drug court
one of the most widely accepted antidrug programs
87
legalization
elimination of laws against something
88
decriminalization
redefine behaviors as "ticketable" rather than "arrestable"
89
downsides of technology
tech requires search warrants before use
90
first CAD system was installed in the STL PD in _______
the 1960s
91
polygraph
a device that registers involuntary physical processes that is often used in an attempt to detect whether or not a suspect is telling the truth

Crim 150 (13 decks)

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