Test 6 Flashcards
0
Q
Pedi
A
Beginning, child
1
Q
Para
A
Beside, near
2
Q
Pes, pedis, pod
A
Foot
3
Q
Photo, phos, phot
A
Light
4
Q
Post
A
After, behind
5
Q
Semi
A
Half
6
Q
Skleros
A
Hard
7
Q
Soma
A
Body
8
Q
Sub, sup
A
Below, under, smaller than
9
Q
Super
A
Above, upper
10
Q
Supra
A
Above, upon
11
Q
Heredity
A
Parents passing traits to their children
12
Q
Genetics
A
Type of biology that studies hereditary
13
Q
Cross-pollination
A
Transfer of pollen from one plant to another plant
14
Q
Purebred
A
Something that has been bred from a group of organisms all with the same traits
15
Q
Trait
A
Characteristic that a living thing can pass on to its children
16
Q
Gene
A
DNA that codes for a protein
17
Q
Recessive
A
a gene that is only shown when it becomes homozygous
18
Q
Segregation
A
the separation of alleles during gamete formation
19
Q
Punnett square
A
Chart showing the possible combinations of genes
20
Q
Gamete
A
reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction
21
Q
Phenotype
A
Physical characteristics of an of an organism
22
Q
Genotype
A
Genetic makeup of an organism
23
Q
Probability
A
Likeliness that a certain event will happen
24
Diploid
cell that contains a double set of chromosomes
25
haploid
Cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
26
Independent assortment
Heredity genes that are segregated independently
27
Autosome
asexual chromosome
28
Chromosomal mutation
Change in the number or structure of chromosomes in a cell
29
Codominance
Condition in which both alleles of a gene are expressed
30
Frameshift mutation
addition or deletion that changes every codon from the point on
31
Gene mutation
Change involving the nucleotides of DNA
32
Inducer
Chemical substance that causes the production of enzymes
33
Intron
DNA that doesn't code for protein
34
Linkage group
Genes that are inherited in a group
35
Linked genes
Genes that are inherited together and do not undergo independent assortment
36
Mutation
Change in the emetic material of a cell
37
Nondisjunction
Things that can happen to chromosomes causing mutations
38
Polygenic trait
Trait that is controlled by a number of genes
39
Point mutation
Gene mutation that affects a single nucleotide
40
Recombinant
Individual organism with new combinations of genes
41
Repressor
Special protein that binds to the operator and turns off the operon
42
Sex chromosome
Chromosome that is different in males and females
43
Sex linked
trait that is determined by a gene located on one of the sex chromosomes
44
X chromosome
A sex chromosome;females have 2 and males have 1
45
Y chromosomes
Male sex chromosome
46
The 2n number of chromosomes is also called the _______ number.
Diploid
47
The n number of chromosomes is also called the _______ number.
Haploid
48
Sexual reproduction involves specialized sex cells called _______.
Gametes
49
What is accomplished by meiotic cell division?
Production of gametes
50
Eggs are produced by a type of gametogenesis called _______.
Oogenesis
51
The ovum is larger than the polar bodies because it contains a greater amount of ______.
Food/cytoplasm
52
In Mendel's experiments, he crossed pea plants with green pods with plants with yellow pods. He found that all the offspring had green pods. The plants used in the original cross are members of the ______ generation. The offspring of the cross make up the _______ filial, or _______ generation.
P or P1
First
F1
53
Anemia
Results from a lack of oxygen to the cells
54
Red blood cell
Carries oxygen
| 4.5-5.5 million on average in a human body
55
Capillary
Microscopic blood vessel
56
Malaria
Kills red blood cells
57
Sickle cell anemia
Genetic trait that makes it so you can't have malaria
58
The physical appearance of an individual is it's _______, while the genetic makeup of an individual is its ________.
Phenotype
| Genotype
59
In guinea pigs, black coat color is dominant over white. How would you find out whether a black guinea pig is homozygous for coat color or heterozygous?
Test cross
60
The units of heredity, which are called _______, are located on the ______.
Genes
| Chromosomes
61
Under what circumstances are genes inherited together?
Genes that are present on the same chromosome
62
The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called _______.
Nondisjunction
63
Polyploidy
Where a cell has double the haploid number of chromosomes
64
Two sex-linked traits in humans are ________ and _________.
Hemophilia and color blindness
65
What Are multiple alleles?
Traits that have more than two genes
66
Two traits in humans that are determined by multiple alleles are _______ and _______.
Blood type
| Eye color
67
Changes in chromosomes of body cells are called ________ mutations
Somatic
68
Changes in the chromosomes of gametes are called _______.
Germinal
69
Name four types of nondisjunction
Translocation, inversions, duplication and deletion
70
The condition in which the cells of an organism have more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes is called _______.
Polyploidy
71
Homozygous
Similar chromosomes
72
Heterosis
Successful genotype
73
Allele
Matching traits
74
Self pollination
When plants pollinate themselves
75
Dominant
Trait that is expressed
76
Incomplete dominance
Both traits are the. Same as blending inheritance
77
Mitosis list
```
Cell division
Asexual
Diploid-->diploid
Body cells
No variation
```
78
Crossing over
Where chromosomes exchange parts
79
4 things that increase the frequency of getting a mutation
Radiation
Virus
Drugs
Inbreeding
80
Meiosis list
```
Reduction division
Sexual
Diploid-->haploid
Sex cells
Variation
```
82
Where is hemoglobin found?
RBC
83
Chemically, what is hemoglobin?
Composed of 600 amino acids, protein, and pigment
84
What is the function of the hemoglobin?
Transports oxygen
85
How does the abnormal hemoglobin found in sickles red blood cells differ from normal hemoglobins?
Change in one of the amino acids
86
Explain how sickle cell anemia can cause death.
Clogs up blood vessels
87
How might it be possible to check one's phenotype for sickle cell anemia?
Examine blood under a microscope
88
Explain the relationship between an allele and a gene.
A gene is made up of alleles
89
What kind of cells are produced in meiosis?
Gametes
90
Where does mitosis occur?
Body cells
91
What is the main function of the process of mitosis?
Genetic continuity
92
How many cells are produced in mitosis?
2
93
How many cells are produced in meiosis?
Four
94
What is the main function of the process of meiosis?
Genetic continuity and variation
95
What kind of cells are produced in mitosis?
Body cells
96
A haploid chromosome number of daughter cells are produced during which process?
Meiosis
97
What is the chromosome number of the parent cell during mitosis?
2n
98
What is the chromosome number of the parent cell during meiosis?
2n
99
Where does meiosis occur?
Reproductive glands
100
Where does meiosis occur in males?
Primary spermatocyte
101
Where does meiosis occur in females?
Primary oocyte
102
How many cells do males produce in meiosis?
4
103
How many cells do females produce in meiosis?
1
104
What size are the cells males produce in meiosis?
Small
105
What size are the cells females produce in meiosis?
Large
106
3 sex linked disorders
Hemophilia
Duchenes muscular dystrophy
Color blindness
107
4 autosome disorders
Hay-wells disorder
Acropetoral syndrome
Huntingtons disease
Jackson-wells syndrome
108
4 sex chromosome disorders
Klienfelters syndrome
Turners syndrome
XX male syndrome
Down's syndrome
