Test 6/FINAL - Neuro II Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
The thickest, outermost layer of the meninges is known as?
A
Dura Mater
2
Q
Specifically, what part of the brain is damaged by Parkinson’s Disease?
A
substantia nigra
3
Q
(blank)
A
Telencephalon
4
Q
From which of the three primary germ layers is the brain derived?
A
Ectoderm
5
Q
Which structure of the brain functions as the primary sensory cortex?
A
Postcentral gyrus
6
Q
What structure of the brain produces “releasing” hormones which regulate the pituitary gland?
A
Hypothalamus
7
Q
A tiny structure which causes a muscle to contract when it is stretch to prevent the muscle from being over-stretched?
A
Muscle Spindle
8
Q
The postcentral gyrus serves as the “_____” “_____” “______”?
A
Primary Sensory Cortex
9
Q
Which structure of the brain functions as the primary motor cortex?
A
Precentral gyrus
10
Q
From which Primary Germ Layer does the nervous system develop?
A
Ectoderm
11
Q
Once removed from the subarachnoid space, where is cerebrospinal fluid pumped?
A
Blood
12
Q
What is the major hormone produced by the pineal gland during the day?
A
Serotonin
13
Q
What structure of the brain serves as the major integration center for autonomic N.S.
A
Hypothalamus
14
Q
The space within the meninges that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (cerebral spinal fluid) is known as?
A
Subarachnoid Space
15
Q
In which part of the brain is Broca’s area found?
A
Prefrontal Cortex
16
Q
Several structures in the brain that serve as the location for actions of general anesthetics (pain management)?
A
Reticular formation
17
Q
What structure of the brain is the primary center for thermoregulation?
A
Hypothalamus
18
Q
Specifically, which structure of the brain contains the substantia nigra?
A
Midbrain
19
Q
What is the major hormone produced by the pineal gland during the night?
A
Melatonin
20
Q
The middle layer of the meninges is known as?
A
Arachnoid Mater
21
Q
What structure of the brain functions as the hunger control center?
A
Hypothalamus
22
Q
What structure of the brain regulates sleep/wake cycles?
A
Hypothalamus
23
Q
A term for all the outer coverings of the brain and spinal cord?
A
Meninges
24
Q
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be associated with which structure that is associated with the biological clock?
A
Pineal Gland
25
A method in which stimuli occur so quickly that the neuron being stimulated becomes easier to fire?
Facilitation
26
Damage to this part of the brain causes receptive aphasia
Wernicke's Area
27
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is associated with sensory reception, taste, and some vision?
Parietal Lobe
28
A procedure which allows the examination of various electrical circuits/events of the brain?
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
29
A process based on a series of new or modified synapses called the memory trace is known as?
Memory
30
The occipital lobe serves as the "_____" "______" "_______"?
Primary Visual Cortex
31
What structure of the brain functions as the thirst control center?
Hypothalamus
32
Which embryonic structure will develop into the cerebellum and pons?
Metencephalon
33
Which side of the brain tends to focus on visual and spatial skills?
Right
34
These brain waves are seen in children and sleeping adults and indicate stress when seen in awake adults?
Theta Waves
35
A condition in which the arachnoid granulation fail to remove enough cerebrospinal fluid resulting in its build up in the brains ventricular system?
Hydrocephalus
36
At what vertebral level (between which to vertebral numbers) does the dura mater (and CSF-filled subarachnoid space) end?
S2-3
37
The two superior colliculi as well as the two inferior colliculi are collectively known as?
Corpora Quadrigemina
38
The superior colliculi are primarily involved in which process?
Vision
39
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily involed with
Frontal Lobe
40
Structures which send information back and forth between the substantia nigra and the motor centers of the cerebral cortex?
Basal Nuclei
41
A part of the cerebral cortex that is involved with memory and addictive behavior?
Insula
42
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is involved with hearing, the sense of smell, learning, memory, visual recognition, and emotional behavior
Temporal Lobe
43
A complex area of the brain that regulates emotions, learning, and gratification vs aversion?
Limbic System
44
What structure of the brain regulates fine motor control & muscle coordination?
Cerebellum
45
Damage to this part of the brain allows the patient to understand the words but does not allow them to speak them?
Broca's Area
46
Damage to this part of the brain causes the inability to recognize spoken & written language?
Wernicke's Area
47
A surgical procedure in which the prefrontal lobe is destroyed in order to alter criminally violent behavior?
Frontal Lobotomy
48
Which embryonic structure will develop into the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata?
Rhomencephalon
49
Damage to this part of the brain causes expressive or motor aphasia
Broca's Area
50
A term that indicates the loss of speech?
Aphasia
51
In which part of the brain is Wernicke's area found?
Parietal Lobe
52
A tiny structure which sends inhibitory signals to stop muscle contractions when the muscle is over-stretch or stretched too quickly?
Golgi Tendon Organ
53
Which lobe of the brain serves as the primary visual cortex?
Occipital Lobe
54
What structure of the brain connects the cerebral cortex to "lower" centers of brain
Thalamus
55
A type of aphasia in which the patient is unable to recognize spoken & written language?
Receptive Aphasia
56
By what gestational age is the embryo when the neural groove becomes the neural tube?
4 weeks
57
Which embryonic structure will develop into the hindbrain?
Rhomencephalon
58
Which structure of the brain is the major regulator of the biological clock?
Pineal Gland
59
Which embryonic structure will develip into the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland?
Dencephalon
60
A tiny structure that allows the ability to evaluate potentially dangerous conditions?
Amygdaloid Body
61
Which side of the brain tends to focus on rote memorization
Left
62
Which structure of the limbic system plays an important role in memory?
Hippocampus
63
A type of memory that may last for a few seconds?
Immediate
64
Several structures in the brain that regulate muscle control for balance & posture, cardiac and vasomotor control, pain regulation, and the regulation of sleep/consciousness
Reticular Formation
65
These brain waves are seen when the patient is mentally active and during sensory stimulation?
Beta Waves
66
Which side of the brain tends to focus on language?
Left
67
These brain waves are seen when the patient is awake, but resting or "day dreaming" with the eyes closed?
Alpha Waves
68
Which embryonic structure will develop into the midbrain?
Mesencephalon
69
Which side of the brain tends to focus on the artistic and musical aspects of human behavior?
Right
70
The space just outside of the dura mater is known as?
Epidural
71
Which embryonic structure will develop into the meduall oblongata
Myelencephalon
72
Name the enlarge, inferior region of the spinal cord where the cord ends?
Conus Medularis
73
These brain waves are seen awake infants and adults in deep sleep and they indicate serious brain damage in awake adults?
Delta Waves
74
A series of new or modified synapses upon which memory is based is called?
Memory Trace
75
A type of aphasia in which the patient understands words but does not have the motor skills to speak them?
Expressive or motor
76
A repeated series of stimulations that cause memory to last a few hours is known as?
Tetanic Stimulation
77
A type of memory that lasts long enough to carry out a particular task, then you forget it?
Working Memory
78
What part of the brain connects hindbrain to forebrain?
Midbrain
79
What structure of the brain regulates cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory functions?
Medulla Oblongatta
80
A process in which neurons become so sensitive that they only need the slightest stimulation to fire
Posttetanic Potentiation
81
A part of the cerebral cortex that is involved with language, taste, and visceral sensory info?
Insula
82
A type of memory that may last your entire life time?
Long-Term
83
The precentral gyrus serves as the "_____" _____" "______"?
Primary Motor Cortex
84
The space between the middle and deepest layer of the meninges is known as?
Subarachnoid Space
85
Which of the 4 colliculi are involved in vision?
Upper
86
The process by which neurons are changed in such a manner (synapses, receptors, NT release, etc) that long-term memory results?
Long-Term Potentiation
87
The process that makes it easier to evoke a particular pathway that calls up a certain memory?
Potentiation
88
A condition caused if cerebrospinal fluid CSF leaks out allowing the brain will rest on floor of cranium causing an extremely painful headache?
Spinal Headache
89
Which side of the brain tends to focus on math and logic?
Left
90
A "regional" anesthetic, injected just outside of the dura mater, that effects local spinal nerves only and not the entire body is known as?
Epidural Block
91
What structure of the brain regulates respiration, sleep, sensory functions, etc.
Pons
92
The innermost layer of the meninges is known as?
Pia Mater
93
Which structure of the brain controls planning, behavior, and emotions?
Prefrontal Cortex
94
Which structures produce cerebrospinal fluid?
Choroid Plexuses
95
The ability to add or remove synapses?
Synaptic Plasticity
96
At what vertebral level (between which two vertebral numbers) does the spinal cord end?
L1-2
97
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be associated with which structure that is associated with the biological clock?
Pineal Gland
98
Which side of the brain tends to focus on intuition, emotion, and the artistic aspects of human behavior?
Right
99
At what vertebral level (between which two vertebral numbers) is a spinal tap or lumbar puncture performed?
L3-4
100
Which of the 4 colliculi are involved in hearing?
Lower
101
A type of memory that may last from seconds to hours?
Short-Term
102
The inferior colliculi are primarily involved in which process?
Hearing
103
Which structures remove cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space?
Arachnoid Granulations
104
Which embryonic structure will develop into the forebrain (cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland)?
Prosencephalon
