TEST

Question 1

Fertilized egg, the result of a sperm and egg cell nucleus combining

Answer 1

Zygote

Question 2

The many celled ball that results after an ovum is fertilized

Answer 2

Blastula

Question 3

of cell divisions in Mitosis

Answer 3

1

Question 4

of cell divisions in Meiosis

Answer 4

2

Question 5

of daughter cells in Mitosis

Answer 5

2

Question 6

of daughter cells in Meiosis

Answer 6

4

Question 7

Chromosome # in Mitosis

Answer 7

2n

Question 8

Chromosome # in Meiosis

Answer 8

1n

Question 9

Sperm cell and egg cell nucleus fuse forming a zygote

Answer 9

Fertilization

Question 10

the zygote begins to divide forming a many-celled ball called a blastula. Each cell in the blastrula is identical at this point, and is called a blastomere

Answer 10

Cleavage

Question 11

Each blastomere transforms into one of three germ layers, ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.

Answer 11

Gastriculation

Question 12

The neural folds forms, closes, and becomes the neural tube, a precursor of the brain and spinal cord. If the tube does not close completely, a condition called spinal bifida results.

Answer 12

Neurlation

Question 13

formation and function of the organs

Answer 13

Organogenesis

Question 14

all organs become larger

Answer 14

Growth

Question 15

the reproductive organs produce functional gametes - egg and sperm.

Answer 15

Gametogenesis

Question 16

A segment on a chromosome, which codes for 1 trait.

Answer 16

Gene

Question 17

The passing of genetic information from parent to offspring.

Answer 17

Heredity

Question 18

requires only 1 allele for the trait to be expressed.

Answer 18

Dominant Trait

Question 19

Requires 2 alleles for the trait to be expressed.

Answer 19

Recessive Trait

Question 20

the actual alleles present in an individual

Answer 20

Genotype

Question 21

What you see in the individual EXAMPLE: Brown hair

Answer 21

Phenotype

Question 22

a version of a gene

Answer 22

Allele

Question 23

Generally 3 phenotypes are seen for the trait

Answer 23

Incomplete Dominance

Question 24

the allele or trait is carried on the X chromsome, and is seem more frequently in males than females

Answer 24

Sex linked

Question 25

chromosomes exchange portions of themselves, and increase genetic variability

Answer 25

Crossing Over

Question 26

Inactive X chromosomes found only in females

Answer 26

Barr Bodies

Question 27

Produces a nutrient fluid rich in frutose. Acts as a pH buffer, and contains prostaglandin to increase vaginal and uterine muscle contractions to help move the sperm up the female reproductive tract.

Answer 27

Seminal Vesicle

Question 28

Produces a mucus like lubricating substance. Located at base of penis

Answer 28

Cowper's Gland

Question 29

Secretes a milky alkaline (basic) fluid and adjusts pH of semen to pH7.5

Answer 29

Prostate Gland

Question 30

Contains spermatogenic cells in tubule wall- produce sperm. Supporting, Sertoli, or Nurse cells- nourish and support developing sperm Interstitial cells- in connective tissue around tubule, produce testosterone

Answer 30

Seminiferous tubules

Question 31

collecting duct for maturing sperm

Answer 31

Epididymis

Question 32

Muscular tube which moves sperm from the epididymis to the base of the penis. It ends at the seminal vesicle

Answer 32

Vas Deferens

Question 33

the fluid from all of the glands, plus sperm

Answer 33

Semen

Question 34

composed of follicular cells plus an ovum. Follicular cells turn into corpus leutem after the 14th day of the cycle and produce estrogen.

Answer 34

Follicle

Question 35

In the female. Produces a mucus like lubricating substance.

Answer 35

Bartholin's Gland

Question 36

A cell that will develope into a mature egg or ovum

Answer 36

Oocyte

Question 37

composed of follicles. Produces one ovum per month, and estrogen.

Answer 37

Ovary

Question 38

the lining of the uterus

Answer 38

Endometrium

Question 39

A hallow muscular tube that acts as the birth canal, and used for copulation

Answer 39

Vagina

Question 40

a hollow muscular tube that nourished an embryo in pregnancy

Answer 40

Uterus

Question 41

Muscular ring at the bottom of the vagina. Produces thick muces near the time of ovulation. Produces very thick mucus in pregnacy to help prevent sperm from entering the reproductive tract.

Answer 41

Cervix

Question 42

caused by Herpes Simplex type 2. causes painful blisters and sores on the genital region. Can cause cervical cancer in women. Treatments such as Valtrex may reduce severity and frequency of outbreaks, but there is no cure. Once you have it, you have it forever.

Answer 42

Genital Herpes

Question 43

caused by bacteria, treatable with antibiotice. causes painful urination in males, proctitis is homosexual males, and PID or pelvic inflamatory disease in females, which can cause sterility

Answer 43

Gonorrhea

Question 44

caused by a tiny parasitic bacterium. Can cause sexual, eye, joint, and lung infections in new borns.

Answer 44

Chlamydia

Question 45

caused by a bacterium. Occurs in 3 distinct stages. 1. Chancre, 2. Body rash, 3. Nervous system, brain, and artery damage.

Answer 45

Syphilis

Question 46

caused by the papiloma virus. Cause wart like growth on the genital area. Treated by removal, but they grow back.

Answer 46

Genital Warts

Question 47

consists of G1,S, G2

Answer 47

Interphase

Question 48

normal growth of the cell

Answer 48

Gap phase 1

Question 49

DNA is replicated or copied if the cell is large enough and has enough cell organelles

Answer 49

S- Synthesis

Question 50

A protein necessary for cell division is made

Answer 50

Gap phase 2

Question 51

movement of chromosomes

Answer 51

Mitosis

Question 52

the chromatin condenses into highly coiled, turned off chromosomes

Answer 52

Prophase

Question 53

Chromosomes at the equator or metaphase plate

Answer 53

Metaphase

Question 54

Centromere splits and each sister chromatid moves to opposite ends or poles of the cell

Answer 54

Anaphase

Question 55

chromatids are at the poles of the cells. the nuclear envelope reforms around them, and cytokinesis or division of the cytoplasm begins.

Answer 55

Telophase

Question 56

XXY- sterile male with some breast deveolopment

Answer 56

Kleinfelter's Syndrome

Question 57

3 copies of chromosomes # 21 Mental retardation

Answer 57

Down syndrome

Question 58

faulty chloride ion channel. Mucus builds up in lungs, pancreas, and intestines. DNAse is a treatment, no cure.

Answer 58

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 59

these individuals can not eat phenylalanine, one of the amino acids, and must not eat foods with NutraSweet.

Answer 59

PKU

Question 60

Xo

Answer 60

Turner's Syndrome

Question 61

A female hormone, which causes the uterine lining to thicken in anticipation of pregnancy

Answer 61

Estrogen

Question 62

maintains the uterine lining if pregnancy occurs

Answer 62

Progesterone

Question 63

causes the follicle to develop and mature.

Answer 63

follicle- stimulating hormone FSH

Question 64

causes the ocyte to complete it's 1st meiotic divsion in preparation of ovulation

Answer 64

leuteninizing hormone LH

Question 65

After ovulation, the follicle cells are converted into corpus luteum, which produces estrogen on about the 21st. day of the menses cycle.

Answer 65

Corpus Luteum