Test 69: Neurology Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
hypnagogic
A
going to sleep
2
Q
hypnopompic
A
“pompous upon awakening”
3
Q
Name 3 mutation sites that have been associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer disease
A
- amyloid precursor protein gene on chromosome 21
- Presenilin 1 gene on chromosome 14
- Presenilin 2 gene on chromosome 1
4
Q
Name 1 mutation site associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease
A
Apoliporotien E4
5
Q
Inhaled anesthetics with high tissue solubly have what arteriovenous concentration gradient
A
- large
- slower onset of actions
6
Q
What is length constant
A
measure of how far along an axon an electrical impulse can propagate
7
Q
what does myelination do to neuron properties
A
- increases constant length ( Direct impact)
- decreases constant time
8
Q
Wilson’s disease damages what in the brain
A
- putamen
2. basal ganglia
9
Q
What are 2 broad categories for seizures
A
- partial
2. Generalized
10
Q
Name 2 partial seizures
A
- Simple
2. complex
11
Q
Name 2 generalized seizures
A
- Tonic/clonic
2. Absonce seizure
12
Q
Define partial simple seizures
A
no loss of conscious
13
Q
define partial complex
A
- partial loss of conscious
- autonomics: lip smaking, not responsive, not on floor
14
Q
define generalized tonic clonic seizures
A
classic convulsions
15
Q
define generalized absonce seizures
A
little kids, starring spells
16
Q
What is the first line of drug for Absence seizure
A
Ehosuximide ( only treats absence seizure)
17
Q
What is the best long term use for Absence seizure and tonic clonic seizure
A
Valporic acid
18
Q
Lambert Eaton is associated with what cancer
A
small cell lung cancer
19
Q
Injury to right temporal lobe hurts what part of the eye neurons
A
Meyer’s loop
20
Q
Injury to Meyer’s loops in temporal lobe results in what visual defect
A
- contralateral superior quadrantanopia
21
Q
32 year old migrant worker is brought to the emergency room with painful paroxysmal involuntary muscle contractions involving mainly the jaw, neck and trunk. What is the causative agent
A
clostridium tetani
22
Q
How does Clostridium tetani travel in the body
A
within motor neuron by retrograde transport into spinal cord
- inhibits inhibitory interneurons and unregulated firing of primary motor neurons
23
Q
What is the second most common inherited muscle disorder
A
Myotonic dystrophy
24
Q
Myotonia
A
abnormally slow relaxation of muscles
25
21 yr old caucasian male suffers from weakness and gait disturbance. He noticed that he had difficulty releasing the doorknob lately. Physical examination shows cataracts, frontal baldness, and gonadal atrophy. Biopsy shows muscle atrophy involving mostly type 1 fibers. The patient's condition is best described as which of the following
Myotonic dystrophy
26
A cerebellar ( or retina) hemangioblastoma in association with congenital cysts of the kidneys, liver, and/or pancreas is highly suggestive of what
von Hippel-Lindau disease
27
inheritance pattern of von Hippel-Lindau disease
autosomal dominant
28
Another name for Von Recklinghausen's disease
Neurofibromatosis type 1
29
What is von Ricklinghausen's disease
- inherited peripheral nervous system tumor syndrome
- neurofibromas, optic nerve gliomas,
- Lisch nodules and cafe au lait spots
30
Neurofibromatosis type 2
bilateral cranial nerve VIII schwannomas and multiple meningiomas
31
General sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue is carried by what nerve
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
32
Gustatory ( taste) of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is provided by what nerve
chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
33
Foramen cecum
Normal remnant of thyroglossal duct
34
Patient has impaired balance, tremor, and difficulty speaking over last several months.Elevated transaminases. Cousin died at young age with progressive neurologic disease
Wilson's disease
35
Slit lamp test
Eye exam can check for Kayser-Fleischer rings
36
Parinaud syndrome
paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze due to lesion in superior colliculi ( stroke, hydrocephalus, pinealoma)
37
Pinealoma can cause
- Parinaud syndrome
- Obstructive hydrocephalus
- Precocious puberty in males
38
What are clinical symptoms for obstructive hydrocephalus
papilledema, headache, and vomiting
39
Clinical symptoms of Parinaud syndrome
- Limitation of upward gaze with downward gaze preference,
| - Bilateral eyelid retraction
40
What are the urea cycle components
Ordinarily, Careless Crapper Are Also Frivolous About Urination
- Ornithine
- Carbamoyl phosphate
- citrulline
- Aspartate
- Argininosuccinate
- Fumararte
- Arginine
- urea
41
What does arginine make in urea cycle via
- urea and ornithine
| - arginase
42
Clinical symptoms for arginase deficiency
- Progressive spastic diplegia
- growth delay
- abnormal movements
43
What degrades serotonin
Monoamine oxidase
44
When is orotic acid overproduced
excess carbamoyl phosphate in urea cycle
45
Almost all volatile anesthetics increase what blood flow?
cerebral blood flow
- other organ blood flow is decreased
46
left leg weakness, mild headaches, Cutaneous neurofibromas, and cafe-au-lait spots
Neurofibromatosis 1
47
what is the mutation in neurofibromatosis 1
NF1 on chromosome 17
| AD
48
What drug should be used to treat myoclonic seizures
Valproic acid
49
MOA of fluphenazine and used for?
dopamine antagonist
| - Tourette syndrome
50
Stapedius muscle is innervated by what nerve
stapedius nerve ( branch of facial nerve)
51
Paralysis of stapedius muscle results in what
hyperacusis
52
What is interscalene nerve block used for
anesthetizes the brachial plexus as it passes through scalene triangle
53
What muscle block must be taken into consideration for brachial plexus anesthetize
diaphragmatic paralysis
54
Patient presents with upper extremity bilateral hand tremor and gets better with alcohol use? what am i?
essential tremor
55
What is essential tremor get better or worse with movement
worse
56
First line treatment for essential tremors
nonselective B-blocker such as propranolol
57
What is opsoclonus-myoclonus
"dancing eyes-dancing feet"
58
Opsoclonus-myoclonus is a paraneoplatic syndrome associated with what
neuroblastoma
59
What is the most common tumor of adrenal medulla in children
neuroblasoma
60
What is the genetic problem in neuroblastoma
overexertion of N-myc oncogene
61
where is cryptococcus neoformans found in
soil and pigeon droppings
62
How is cryptococcus neoformans transported
inhalation
63
the resting potential of the neuronal membrane is close to equilibrium potential of what ion and why?
potassium ion
| - resting membrane is most permeable to K
64
Clostridium botulinum prevents the release of what
acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals at neuromuscular junction
- preventing muscular contraction
65
What do organophosphates block
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
66
Genome for Rhabdoviridae virus
single stranded RNA virus
| - bullet shaped capsule
67
receptor cytomegalovirus bind to
cellular integrins
68
Receptor Epstein Barr binds to
CR2 ( CD21)
69
What is the genetic genome for west nile? transmission? most common time of the year
positive-sense, single stranded flavivirus
- transmitted by female mosquitoes
- summer
70
common perennial nerve is susceptible to injury where
lateral neck of fibula cause by compression
71
clinical signs of common perennial nerve injury
- weakness on foot dorsiflexion ( foot drop)
- weakness in eversion and toe extension
- sensory loss over lateral leg and dorsolateral foot
72
Malignant tumors of parotid gland often compress and disrupt what nerve
facial nerve, causing ipsilateral facial droop
73
cranial nerve VII exits the skull through what hole
stylomastoid foramen
74
When taking Levodopa, why is carbidopa added? why is this also bad?
- reduce most peripheral side effects of levodopa
| - dopamine becomes more available to the brain
75
Clasp-knife" spasticity is seen in what lesion
upper motor neuron lesions
76
Stroke in internal capsule results in what
pure motor weakness in contralateral arm, leg, and lower face
77
Does upper motor neurons travel through internal capsule
yes
78
the head of the caudate nucleus is separated from globes plaids and putamen by what
internal capsule
79
Gene of internal capsule carries
corticobulbar fibers
80
anterior limb of internal capsule carries what
thalamocortical fibers
81
What do muscarinic receptors do to arteries
vasodilate
82
NO enter muscles cells and activate what
- cyclic-GMP
- activate myosin light chain phosphatase
- smooth muscle relaxation
83
absent tyrosinase activity is what
albinsm
84
Anterior cerebral artery supplies what
medial portion of 2 hemispheres
85
occlusion of anterior cerebral artery causes what
- contralateral motor and sensory deficits in lower extremities, behavioral changes, and urinary incontinence
86
Branches of internal carotid in circle of wilis
1. anterior cerebral artery
| 2. middle cerebral artery
87
What virulence factor is responsible for many toxic effects observed in meningitis and meningococcemia
- Meningococcal lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
88
lipooligosaccharide LOS is a virulence factor for what bacteria? what does it do
Neisseria Meningococci
| - sepsis
89
Role of Peroxisome
catabolism of
1. very long chain fatty acids
2. branched-chain fatty acids
3. amino acids
4. ethanol
90
What neuron problems are seen in B12 deficiency
1. degeneration of dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tract
91
what are serum elevations of Vitamine B12 deficiency
Methylmalonic and homocysteine elevated
