Test 7 Corrections Flashcards by Taylor Walker

Equation: Potential energy of Oscillatory motion

P.E. = 1/2 * k * x^2

Note: x = displacement

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Potential energy (in oscillatory motion) increases exponentially with _____

displacement

P.E. is at its max at the greatest displacement, i.e. furthest point in oscillatory motion

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What changes in Energy occurs as particles move from furthest point in oscillatory motion to the midpoint?

Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy (as particles swing through from one end of motion to the other)

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What predominant forces act between SiCl3H molecules? (Boiling point = 33ºC)

Van der Waals forces; Weak intermolecular attractive forces; Relatively low boiling point indicates that intermolecular forces are weak (so not Covalent, Ionic, or H-bonding)

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A gas that occupies 10 liters at 1 atm at 25ºC will occupy what volume at 500 atm at the same temp?

> 0.02 L because of the space occupied by the gas molecules (volume of gas molecules no longer negligible at 500 atm)

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When a light wave and a sound wave pass from air to glass, what changes occur in their speeds?

Light slows down; Sound speeds up
Light slows down because the index of refraction of the glass is greater than through the air.
Sound travels faster through a solid than through air.

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The index of refraction in glass is _________ than that in the air. This causes light waves to ______.

greater

slow down

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ratio of the velocity of a wave in air to the velocity of a wave through a medium

index of refraction

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The speed of sound through a solid is _______ than through air due to the rigid bonds in a solid versus gaseous bonds in air.

greater

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Molarity of pure acetone if MM = 58 g/mol and density = 0.791 g/mL?

13.6 M

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395 nm light is in the visible spectrum but is very near the ______ region.

ultraviolet

Visible light ranges from ~400 nm to 700 nm. The region below 400 nm is the ultraviolet region

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Region of electromagnetic spectrum that is below 400 nm wavelength

ultraviolet region

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Region of electromagnetic spectrum that is above 700 nm wavelength

infrared region

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Equation: Power in an electrical circuit

P = I * V

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If a cell phone is powered by a 12-V battery and is transmitting at its max power (3 Watts), what current is being used?

I = P / V
I = 3 Watts / 12 Volts
I = 1/3 Amps

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Electromagnetic waves are _______ waves, while sound waves are ______.

electromagnetic: transverse waves

sound waves: longitudinal

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If the rate law for a reaction that is second order w/ respect to a hydrogen ion and is 1*10^-1 at pH of 1, what is the hydrogen ion concentration at pH = 2? If all other conditions remained the same, what happens to the overall reaction rate?

1 * 10^-2 = hydrogen ion concentration

it decreases 1 * 10^-2 times

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Cant the relative rates of reactions be given by equilibrium constants?

No. Kinetic information must be given in order to determine the RATE of reaction
Rate of reaction and reaction equilibrium are independent

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Equation: Density

Density (rho) = mass / volume

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Equation: Dividing by a decimal

Multiply the numerator by the inverse fraction of the decimal in the denomenator
Ex: 1.5 / 0.5 = 1.5 / (1/2) = 1.5 * (2/1) = 3.0

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Equation: Index of Refraction

Snell’s law: n1 * sin(ø1) = n2 * sin(ø2)

Note: “n1” and “n2” = indices of refraction

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What is the index of refraction in air?`

~ 1

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Equation: Velocity of a wave

v = wavelength / period (T)

Note: SI unit for Period = seconds

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If an earthquake moved from South to North as it progressed toward its full 74-km length, how would the Doppler effect influence this?

By decreasing apparent wavelength of seismic waves moving North and increasing the apparent wavelength of seismic waves moving southward

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To find the relative refractive index to air, you need both the _________ and the _________.

angle of incidence | angle of refraction

the angle of incidence is equal to the __________.

Angle of reflection

Equation: Index of Refraction

n = c / v | Note: c = speed of light in a vacuum = 3*10^8

A Faraday (F) is _______ of electric charge

one mole

When a weak acid (HA) is titrated with NaOH in the presence of an indicator (HIn), the pH at which a color change is observed depends on the....

pKa of the indicator Indicators change color over a specific pH range. The range at which the color changes depends on the point where the indicator (HIn) is converted into (In-), which is determined by the pKa.

reactions between an aldehyde or ketone w/ a triphenyl phosphonium ylide to form an alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide

Wittig reaction | Note: triphenyl phosphonium ylide = Wittig reagent

type of chemical reagent that forms C--C bonds Mixture of ionic and covalent lewis structures first source of carbanions (Ex: CH3-) sources of a carbanion that can attack the positive end (C) in a carbonyl to form C--C bonds in aldehydes and ketones Can react w/ CO2 to form carboxylic acid Ex: CH3MgBr

Grignard reagents

Equation: number of stereoisomers for an organic compound

2 ^ n | Note: n = number of stereocenters

Hydrogens on ______ carbons are most acidic and most likely to get abstracted

alpha carbons

Assume that a Hydrogen will be abstracted from the carbon at which ______ occurs

alkylation

a hydrogen bonded to a carbon that is bonded to the highest priority functional group most reactive hydrogen in the molecule (most likely to be abstracted)

alpha carbon

transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another via alkyl carbocation, free radical, or carbanion

alkylation

a saturated hydrocarbon | Ex: CH4

alkane

an alkane missing one hydrogen one of the most common functional groups in orgo Ex: R--CH3

alkyl

value that measures the separation of components in thin-layer chromatography = distance traveled by the sample / distance traveled by the solvent

Rf value

a less polar molecule will have a _______ Rf value because it will travel further during TLC (using a polar stationary phase i.e. silica)

greater

a more polar molecule will have a _______ Rf value because it will travel a shorter distance during TLC (using a polar stationary phase)

smaller

is a hydroxyl group more or less polar than a ketone on a cyclohexane?

more polar

More _______ molecules will interact more with the polar silica gel during thin layer chromatography and, therefore, travel shorter distances

polar

What is the product of a reaction b/w an alcohol and concentrated HCl?

alkyl halide

______ alcohols react more readily with concentrated HCl.

tertiary alcohols react more readily | Note: Form tert-Butyl chloride

Methyl chloride is (more / less) reactive than ter-butyl chloride?

less reactive | Note: primary alcohols are less reactive than tertiary alcohols

Preparation of a Grignard reagent involves stirring what reagent into diethyl ether?

CH3Br and Mg

Grignard reagent

CH3MgBr | Note: formed by stirring CH3Br and Mg into diethyl ether

reaction in which starting materials form the same product every time a reaction in which there is something inherent in the mechanism that allows only one product means "all" Ex: SN2 reactions will produce the enantiomer to the starting material every time (stereochemistry will be inverted at the chiral center where SN2 occurs)

regiospecific

reaction where starting materials form two (or more) structural isomers and one predominates a reaction which implies that there are factors that favor one product over the others means "mostly" or "almost all"

regioselective

why does the human immune system avoids attacking the tissues of its own body?

it suppresses cells specific to the body's own antigens

surface molecules on cells in the body that would generate an immune response

antigens

disease-causing molecules in the body

pathogens

the products of fatty acid oxidation ______ skin blood flow

reduce

veins and the pulmonary artery carry ________ blood to the heart

deoxygenated blood

Is blood pressure lower in the veins or in the arteries?

veins; they carry deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body back to the heart.

Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of fats and other carboxylic acid esters. This illustrates the fact that some enzymes work with several different substrate molecules with _____________.

Test 7 Corrections Flashcards

(66 cards)