TEST en vol multi Flashcards
(32 cards)
Définition de la Vso
vitesse de décrochage en configuration d’atterrissage (VSO) à la masse maximale d’atterrissage
Vso PA31 pour UMQ et RKG
73 RKG et 82 UMQ (vortex)
Définition VYSE
vitesse correspondant à la vitesse ascensionnelle maximale, un moteur en panne (VYSE)
VYSE PA31
110
définition VXSE
vitesse correspondant à la pente de montée maximale, un moteur en panne (VXSE)
VXSE PA31
106
vitesse de manœuvre (VA) PA31
183 selon POH (check-list différent)
Définition de la vitesse de manœuvre (VA)
la vitesse maximale à laquelle une déflexion complète et brusque des commandes n’entraînera pas de surcharge structurelle excessive.
vitesse minimale de contrôle (VMC) PA31 UMQ et RKG
85 POH et RKG, 87 UMQ
Il y a combien de critères pour calculer la VMC et énumère les
11, -Maximum Takeoff Power
-Critical Engine Inoperative
-Inoperative Engine Windmilling
-Sea Level Conditions
-Most Adverse Legal Weight
-Most Adverse Legal C of G
-5 degrees of Bank into the Operative Engine
-Gear Up
-Flaps in the Takeoff Position
-Cowl Flaps Open
-Out of Ground Effect
Définition VMC
the speed at which the rudder no longer has the authority to overcome the yaw caused by the critical engine being inoperative
Explique comment La puissance maximum au décollage affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
Mauvais The more power on the operating engine, the greater the force pulling toward the dead engine. The greater the force, the earlier the rudder will lose control. The minimum controllable airspeed will be higher with greater power.
Explique comment CRITICAL ENGINE INOPERATIVE affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
CRITICAL ENGINE INOPERATIVE - BAD for Vmc
The critical engine is the engine that has the most adverse affect on control of the plane. By failing this engine, the rudder has more force to overcome than if the R-engine was failed, therefore Vmc will be higher.
Explique comment INOPERATIVE ENGINE WINDMILLING affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
INOPERATIVE ENGINE WINDMILLING - BAD for Vmc
A windmilling prop creates more drag than a feathered prop. Increased drag on the inoperative engine will create a stronger yaw toward the dead engine. Therefore, the rudder has to overcome more force, raising Vmc.
Explique comment SEA LEVEL CONDITIONS affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
SEA LEVEL CONDITIONS - BAD for Vmc
At sea level the dense air allows the operating engine and prop to produce maximum thrust. Since there is more thrust, there is a greater force toward the dead engine for the rudder to overcome, therefore Vmc is higher.
Explique comment LIGHTEST WEIGHT affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
MOST UNFAVORABLE LEGAL WEIGHT (LIGHTEST WEIGHT) - BAD for Vmc
Vmc increases as weight is reduced so the lightest legal weight is most unfavorable. The lightest weight provides the aircraft the least momentum. The heavier the aircraft, the more likely its inertia will carry it forward and help prevent the yaw and roll associated with a failed engine.
Explique comment MOST UNFAVORABLE LEGAL CENTER OF GRAVITY affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
MOST UNFAVORABLE LEGAL CENTER OF GRAVITY (AFT CG) - BAD for VMC
Vmc increases as the C of G is moved aft (arrière). The further aft the C of G, the shorter the rudder’s arm is. The shorter the arm, the less effective the rudder. Vmc will be higher since the rudder produces less force at any speed than if the C of G was forward
Explique comment OUT OF GROUND EFFECT affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
An aircraft in ground effect is “cushioned”, with less drag and greater lift. So in ground effect, Vmc decreases. As the aircraft lifts out of ground effect, it loses that lift and increases its drag, thereby increasing the Vmc.
Explique comment GEAR POSITION affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
GEAR RETRACTED - BAD for Vmc
When the gear is down it acts as a keel (like on a boat) which aids in directional stability and decreases Vmc. With the gear up the keel effect is removed and it cannot help keep the aircraft straight.
Explique comment COWL FLAPS POSITION affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
COWL FLAPS OPEN - GOOD for Vmc
With the cowl flaps open the operating engine’s prop will push air into the cowl flaps resulting in increased drag. Increased drag on the operating engine decreases Vmc since it assists in counteracting the yaw toward the dead engine.
Explique comment un 5 DEGREES OF BANK INTO THE OPERATING ENGINE affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
5 DEGREES OF BANK INTO THE OPERATING ENGINE - GOOD for Vmc The horizontal component of lift generated by bank assists the rudder in counteracting the yaw from the inoperative engine. Vmc is reduced considerably with bank angle so the FAA limits the bank during testing to 5 degrees.
Explique comment take-off flaps affecte la VMC? Est-ce que c’est bon?
Extended flaps will increase both drag and lift. The increased drag from the extended flap behind the operating engine may tend to oppose the yawing motion of that engine, requiring less rudder to counteract that yaw. So Vmc will be lower with flaps extended, and higher with flaps retracted (the take-off position for this aircraft).
définition VLE
vitesse maximale, train d’atterrissage sorti (VLE)
VLE PA31?
150
