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Cell Physiology > Test Four Cell Cycle And Division > Flashcards

Test Four Cell Cycle And Division Flashcards

1
Q

In mammal, how long cell divide

A

1 hour

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2
Q

M phase contains both

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis

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3
Q

Mitosis is

A

The division of nucleus

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4
Q

Cytokinesis is

A

Division of cytoplasm

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5
Q

Interphase contains

A

S phase, G phases

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6
Q

S phase is

A

Synthesis and replication of nuclear DNA

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7
Q

what are the different types of G phases

A

G, G1, G2

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8
Q

The central control system of cell cycle helps

A

Regulate start of each phase

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9
Q

Central control system is regulated by

A

Feedback using check point

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10
Q

Purpose of G1 check point

A

Extracellular environment

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11
Q

G2 checkpoint

A

DNA damage repair

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12
Q

Mitotic checkpoint

A

Microtubules attached and occurs during middle of mitosis

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13
Q

Function of cyclins

A

Regulation cyclic machine by repeating activation/ inactivation of proteins

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14
Q

Cyclins turn off and on by

A

Binding/ releasing to cyclic dependent kinases

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15
Q

What dephosphorylates Cdks

A

Phosphatases

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16
Q

What pushes the cell into the S phase

A

S cyclins bind to S-Cdk and G1 cyclins binds to C1-Cdk

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17
Q

G1 cyclins binds to G1 Cdks to stimulate

A

Cell division

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18
Q

What targets the degredation of cyclin protein

A

Cyclical proteolysis

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19
Q

How are ubiquitin chains added to cyclins

A

Anaphase promoting complex (APC)

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20
Q

Cyclins are directed to proteosomes for destruction by

A

Ubiquitin chains attaching to cyclins

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21
Q

What stops or slows an unprepared cell before the cell cycle

A

Cdk inhibitors

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22
Q

Example of Cdk inhibitor

A

P27

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23
Q

What molecule promotes the cell cycle

A

Mitogens

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24
Q

How to stop the cell cycle

A

Destroying kinases

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25
Q

What binds to the origins of replication to start the S phase

A

ORC

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26
Q

ORC binds to what after binding to origin

A

Cdc6

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27
Q

Function of Cdc6

A

Causes other proteins to come together to form a pre-replicative complex and start DNA replication

28
Q

What holds sister chromatids together

A

Cohesin rings

29
Q

If DNA is damaged, what gene regulatory protein is activated

A

P53

30
Q

Activation of p53 leads to transcription of

A

P21

31
Q

P21 binds to

A

G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk to stop cell cycle from continuing

32
Q

M-Cdk triggers

A

Chromosome condensation and assembles mitotic spindle

33
Q

What activates M-Cdk

A

M cyclin

34
Q

How does M cyclin activate M-Cdk

A

Protein phosphatases that remove inhibitory phosphates

35
Q

Condensins are

A

Help chromosomes condense by assembling around each chromatid

36
Q

What separates chromosomes

A

Mitotic spindles

37
Q

Cytokinesis involves what to divide cytoplasm

A

Contractile ring made up of myosin and actin

38
Q

M phase consists of

A

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis

39
Q

How many centrosomes during mitosis

A

2 since one is replicated

40
Q

When do centrosomes form asters or radial microtubules

A

Interphase and beginning mitosis

41
Q

What part of mitotic spindle goes to plasma membrane

A

Positive end

42
Q

What part of mitotic spindle goes toward centrosome

A

Negative end

43
Q

Microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) bind and stabilize

A

Microtubules

44
Q

During Mitosis, MAPs prevent stabilizing by

A

Being phosphorylated

45
Q

What molecule shrinks microtubules

A

Catastrophins

46
Q

Do plants have centrosome

A

Nope

47
Q

What are centrosomes

A

Where microtubules grow out of

48
Q

What occurs during prophase

A

Centrosomes move in different directions by microtubules pushing them apart

49
Q

What occurs during prometaphase

A

Nuclear envelope disappears, microtubules bind to chromosomes

50
Q

What part of microtubules grab center of chromosomes

A

Kinetochore microtubules

51
Q

What are the three classes of microtubules in mitosis

A

Aster, kinetochore, and interpolar

52
Q

Function of aster microtubules

A

Explores

53
Q

Function of kinetochore microtubules

A

Bind to chromosomes

54
Q

Function of interpolar microtubules

A

Control mitotic spindle

55
Q

What occurs during metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up at equator and play tug of war

56
Q

What occurs during anaphase

A

Sister chromatids pull apart by APC breaking cohesins

57
Q

What separates cohesins

A

Separase

58
Q

How to activate separase

A

Securin told by APC to release separase

59
Q

What are the two stages of anaphase

A

A and B

60
Q

What is anaphase A

A

Kinetochore microtubules pull apart chromosomes

61
Q

What is anaphase B

A

Separate the centrosomes

62
Q

What occurs during telophase

A

Daughter chromosomes separated and vesicles form around

63
Q

What forms the nuclear lamina

A

Lamins are dephosphorylated

64
Q

What makes the chromosomes decondense during telophase

A

Nuclear proteins

65
Q

What organelles duplicate during mitosis

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

66
Q

Organelles that don’t duplicated are separated by what for cytokinesis

A

Microtubules

67
Q

The cleavage furrow forms during what mitotic stage

A

Anaphase

Cell Physiology (16 decks)

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