test II lect. 1 Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is Otitis externa
inflammation of external auditory canal
What are the signs/symptoms of otitis externa?
otalgia, otorrhea (ear pain, ear discharge)
What is the most common precipitating factor in getting otitis externa?
moisture
can also be due to trauma, foregin objects, and skin conditions
What are the two most common bugs that cause otitis externa?
Pesudomonas aeruginosa
and staphy auerus
What is the gram stain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Gram Negative
encapsulated bacillus
What is the gram stain of Staph arueus? morphology?
Gram Positive, encapsulated,
coagulase positive, B-hemolytic
What gives the diagnosis for otitis externa?
examination of the ear.
can use a UV light to see pyoverdin pigment (from pseudomonas aeruginosa)
What is the treatment for otitis externa?
topical antibacterial agents (if local)
oral antibiotics if febrile
analgesics PRN
What is the fluorescent, and what is the non fluorescent pigment from pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Pyocyanin- NONfluorescent
Pyoverdin (glows green)
What is otitis media?
this is inflammation of the middle ear- including the tympanic membrane- often associated with fluid build up
Who usually gets otitis media?
children
What is the gram stain and morphology of Strep Penuomiae?
Gram Positive, encapsulated.
Diplococcus
Alpha-hemolysis
(otitis media)
What is the gram stain and morphology of H. influenzae?
Gram Neative coccobacillus
nontypeable strains
(otitis media)
What is the gram stain and morphology of Moraxella catarhalis?
gram negative diplococcus
oxidase positive
(causes otiis media)
How do you diagnose otitis media?
clinical presentation is the most common
What is the DOC for otitis media?
Amoxicillin
What is the treatment for long term otitis media?
tympanostomy tubes
What is sinusitis?
inflammation within the paranasal sinuses- which may or may not be purulent
What bugs cause sinusitis?
the same that cause otitis media
strep pneumonia, H influenzae, and Moraxell catarrhalis
What is the diagnosis of sinusitis made on?
clinical presentation and history
What is the gram stain and morphology of Corynebacterium Diptheriae
this is gram positive, pleomorphic bacillus
chinese letter” appearance
What is the Diptheria toxin like?
this is an A-B toxin
What does the diptheria toxin affect?
This inactivates EF-2, resulting in inhibition of eukaryotic protein synthesis
How do you get infected with Corynebacterium Diptheriae?
Respiratory droplets or direct contact.