Test Mitosis & DNA Flashcards
(24 cards)
Which of the following are the stages of interphase?
A) G0, S, G2
B) G1, S, G2
C) G1, M, G2
D) G1, S, G3
b
What happens during the G1 phase?
A) The cell undergoes mitotic spindle formation
B) The cell completes DNA replication and starts division
C) The cell commits to replication and checks for basic needs
D) The cell grows and prepares for mitosis
c
Which of the following describes the S phase?
A) The cell undergoes final preparations for mitosis
B) The cell duplicates its DNA, forming sister chromatids
C) The cell grows and checks for replication errors
D) The cell completes cytokinesis
b
What happens in the G2 phase?
A) The cell checks replication and commits to mitosis
B) The cell prepares for replication and mitotic checkpoint
C) The cell forms chromatids and prepares for the S phase
D) The cell begins DNA replication and grows in size
a
Which of the following is NOT a way to regulate mitosis?
A) Ribosomal inhibition
B) Density-dependent inhibition
C) Growth factors
D) Cyclin-CDK complexes
a
What is the role of MPF in mitosis?
A) MPF is an enzyme that inhibits mitotic checkpoints
B) MPF is a cyclin-CDK complex that regulates mitosis
C) MPF is a single protein that stops mitosis
D) MPF is a CDK that independently regulates cyclins
b
How do growth factors influence mitosis?
A) They override factors that prevent mitosis
B) They prevent mitosis by inhibiting cyclin-CDK
C) They stimulate mitosis but cannot override other factors
D) They only function in certain cell types
a
Which of the following best describes density-dependent inhibition?
A) Prevents mitosis when cells are stacked
B) Prevents mitosis unless growth factors are present
C) Prevents mitosis when cells reach a certain size
D) Prevents mitosis when cells are crowded
d
What does anchorage-dependent inhibition do?
A) Prevents mitosis when cells are too dense
B) Prevents cells from growing if not attached
C) Prevents mitosis in small cells
D) Prevents cells from forming the mitotic spindle
b
Which of the following is a benign tumor?
A) A tumor that remains localized at its site
B) A tumor that spreads through the bloodstream
C) A tumor that actively metastasizes
D) A tumor that does not spread but can invade nearby tissue
a
Which of the following best describes a malignant tumor?
A) A tumor that remains localized
B) A tumor that grows but does not spread
C) A tumor that has the potential to spread to other tissues
D) A tumor that only invades nearby cells but not distant ones
c
What is the complementary base pairing rule?
A) A-C, G-T
B) A-G, C-T
C) A-T, C-G
D) A-U, C-G
c
Which bases are purines and pyrimidines?
A) A & C are purines, G & T are pyrimidines
B) A & G are purines, C & T are pyrimidines
C) A & T are purines, G & C are pyrimidines
D) G & C are purines, A & T are pyrimidines
b
Where are phosphodiester bonds found in a nucleotide?
A) Between the sugar and phosphate group
B) Between nitrogenous bases
C) Between two phosphates
D) Between the sugar and nitrogenous base
d
How are nitrogenous bases in DNA connected?
A) Hydrogen bonds
B) Phosphodiester bonds
C) Covalent bonds
D) Ionic bonds
a
Which of the following are the three components of a nucleotide?
A) Sugar, nitrogenous base, sulfate group
B) Sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
C) Sugar, nitrogenous base, ribose
D) Sugar, nitrogenous base, amino acid
b
Which of the following are considered nucleic acids?
A) DNA & RNA
B) DNA & dNTPs
C) RNA & amino acids
D) Proteins & lipids
a
What is the building block of DNA?
A) ATP
B) dNTP
C) rNTP
D) Deoxyribose
b
What does the Watson-Crick model state about DNA?
A) DNA is a left-handed double helix held by hydrogen bonds
B) DNA is a right-handed single-stranded molecule
C) DNA is a right-handed double helix held by hydrogen bonds
D) DNA is a left-handed single-stranded molecule
c
What is the central dogma of biology?
A) DNA → RNA → Protein
B) DNA → Protein → RNA
C) RNA → DNA → Protein
D) Protein → RNA → DNA
a
How many hydrogen bonds are between base pairs?
A) Double between G & C, triple between A & T
B) Double between A & T, triple between C & G
C) Single between A & T, triple between G & C
D) Single between A & T, double between C & G
b
Which of the following are the three stop codons?
A) UAA, UGA, UGG
B) UGA, AUG, UAG
C) UAA, AUG, UGA
D) UAA, UAG, UGA
d
What is the function of DNA ligase?
A) Replicates DNA strands
B) Cuts DNA sequences
C) Joins DNA fragments together
D) Unwinds DNA
c
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
A) Joins Okazaki fragments
B) Unzips DNA during replication
C) Adds nucleotides to the forming DNA strands
D) Removes RNA primers
c
