Test One Flashcards
(147 cards)
What is a Modality?
a Treatment intervention designed to have a therapeutic effect.
How to use modalities
use as an adjunct to treatment use to enhance primary treatment spend about 15 minutes on modalities.
Thermal Energies
Hot and Cold are relative terms Hot - more thermal energy Cold - less thermal energy Heat transfers from areas of high energy (Hot) to areas of low energy (cold) Heat goes from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Converting Celcius to Farenheight
(C x 9/5) + 32 = F
Converting Farenheight to Celcius
(F-32) 5/9 = C
Specific Heat
water = 1 calorie/gram amount of heat per unit mass (energy) needed to raise the temperature of a substance one degree Celcius
Max Temp for a Whirlpool
110 degrees
Max temp for paraphin wax
125 degrees (higher than water because less energy goes into raising the temperature of the wax each degree)
Fluidotherapy
ground corn cob can treat at higher temp than water because less energy goes into raising the temp –> gives off less energy
Thermal Conductivity
Metal Spoon in Pot Sand has a higher conductivity than wood
Magnitude of Application
Cold pack on ankle vs. full cold bath immersion use the more localized application if the patient is medically unstable.
Physiological affects of heat application
BP - decreases HR - increases
Physiological effects of cold application
BP - increases HR - decreases
Duration of Hot pack application
6-8 minutes - penetrates to a depth of 1/2 cm 15-20 minutes - penetrates to a depth of 1-2 cm depth of penetration increases as the length of application increases
How application of cold affects the blood vessels
1st constricts the blood vessels eventually, dilates the blood vessels (this is why your skin gets red when an ice pack has been on for a while. Make sure when you press down on the skin that the skin blanches and refills) (Hunting Response)
cyclical pattern to keep the temp from dropping below 50 degrees Farenheight
Different ways to transfer thermal energy
Conduction Radiation Convection Evaporation
Conduction
physical contact that results in a transfer of heat
Radiation
Heat propagated through air NOT through direct contact
Convection
Thermal energy is set in motion often combined with conduction and radiation i.e. hot whirlpool or a fan
Evaporation
extracts energy when converting from liquid to gas transfer of heat from sweat fluid –> vapor resulting in a cooling effect
Why are hot days so dangerous?
energy transfers from how to cold, so on a hot day when the temp outside is higher than body temp, the environment is actually transferring heat to the body rather than the body loosing heat to the environment. This could be especially problematic for a person who is exercising.
effect of heat on metabolic rate
heat increases metabolism (o2 uptake)
NOT good for traumatic injury
effect of cold on metabolic rate
cold decreases metabolic rate (o2 uptake)
e.g. packing a detached limb in ice decreases its need for O2
what to do right after trauma (1st 48-72 hours)
R - Rest / I - Ice / C - mild compression / E - elevation