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Criminal Justice > Test prep 1 > Flashcards

Test prep 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mala in se
Mala prohibita

A

“evil in itself”
Wrong because it’s illegal

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2
Q

3 main goals of CJS

A

justice
crime control
crime prevention

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3
Q

evidence based practices

A

use of strategies proven to work through research. reduces bias!

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4
Q

resource dependence?

A

all funding from policymakers

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5
Q

sequential tasks?

A

arrest -> trial -> sentencing

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6
Q

filtering?

A

more arrested than sentenced (less @ each step)

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7
Q

% of cases that reach trial

A

10%

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8
Q

% of appeals won?

A

20%

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9
Q

first degree murder

A

intentional, pr3emeditated

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10
Q

second degree murder

A

during a felony

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11
Q

voluntary manslaughter

A

intentional without premeditation

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12
Q

involuntary manslaughter

A

reckless and neglegent

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13
Q

robbery

A

taking through threat or force

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14
Q

burglary

A

entering with intent to commit theft

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15
Q

theft

A

taking anything without consent

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16
Q

larceny

A

taking physical property without consent

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17
Q

transnational crime

A

crimes that cross borders of countries

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18
Q

organized crime

A

offense committed through opportunities created in a legal business/occupation

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19
Q

political crime

A

criminal act committed for an ideological purpose

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20
Q

uniform crime report

A

annual summary of crimes reported to police - VOLUNTARY
collects limited data (age, race & gender)
was replaced by NIBRS

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21
Q

national incident-based reporting system (NIBRS)

A

requires way more information

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22
Q

national crime victimization survey (NVCS)

A

bi-annual survey to ask about victimization
attempt to examine dark figures of crime

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23
Q

classical theories

A

behavior stems from free will
punishment should fit the crime
punishment deters crime

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24
Q

positivist/biological theories

A

behavior stems from social, physical, and mental factors, NOT free will
punishment should be individualized
criminals are biologically different (criminogenic) (born criminals)

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25
criminogenic
biologically born criminals
26
psychological theories
emphasizes mental processes and behavior personality development influences behavior criminal behavior is understood through type of crime and superego
27
sociological theories
social conditions that bear on an individual as reason for criminal behavior criminality is shaped by external factors such as age, income, social groups, etc.
28
life course theories
theories that identify factors affecting the start, duration, nature, and end of criminal behavior over a lifetime. examines pathways into crime and TURNING POINTS that lead people out
29
integrative theories
combining multiple theories
30
gender theories
women commit less crime society creates differences for men and women
31
victim percipitation
the extent to which a victim is responsible for thier own victimization
32
victim facilitation
when a victim unintentionally makes it easier for an offender to commit a crime against them
33
victim provocation
doing something that incites someone to commit a crime
34
secondary victim
victims who suffer harm indirectly
35
substantive criminal law
law that defines acts that are subject to punishment "penal code" ELECTED OFFICIALS make these laws
35
cost of victimization
tangible, physical, and mental costs of victimization
36
procedural criminal law
law defining procedures that CJ officials must follow decided by COURTS
37
4th amendment
unreasonable searches and seizures
38
5th amendment
grand jury (due process), double jeopardy, self-incrimination
39
6th amendment
jury trial, right to council, attorney (rights of the accused)
40
8th amendment
excessive bail or fines, cruel or unusual punishment
41
13th amendment
abolition of slavery
42
14th amendment
due process, equal protection, privileges of citizens
43
7 principles of criminal law
legality actus reus causation harm concurrence mens rea punishment
44
legality
there must be a law that defines the specific act as a crime
45
actus reus
an act has been commited
46
causation
there must be a causal relationship between the act and the harm suffered the harm is a result of the act
47
harm
an act must cause harm to some legally protected value intent to harm
48
concurrence
intent and act must be present together
49
mens rea
guilty state of mind (criminal intent)
50
punishment
there must be a punishment for those breaking the law
51
entrapment
gov. agents cause a person to commmit a crime
52
self-defense
belief of danger, warding off attacker
53
necessity
when a person breaks a law to protect themselves or prevent greater harm
54
duress (coersion)
when someone commits a crime because they were coerced by another
55
immaturity (infancy)
Young children have an assumption of immaturity that weakens as they grow
56
mistake of fact
mistake based on a criminal act
57
intoxication
crimes during involuntary intoxication are excused
58
insanity
mental illness prevented intent
59
American policing 3 aspects
limited authority local control fragmented organization
60
frankpledge
groups of 10 families agree to hold up the law
61
slave patrols
"patty rollers" organized forces to prevent slave revolts and catch runaway slaves
62
eras of policing
political era (1840-1920) professional model era (1920-1970) community policing era (1970-present)
63
political era (1840-1920)
lots of politics in policing officers taking bribes crime fighters and public servers
64
professional model era (1920-1970)
influenced by the progressive movement reducing the influence of politics main task is crime fighting
65
community policing era (1970-present)
moving away from crime fighting and towards keeping order and service providing community policing problem oriented policing
66
federal agencies
the FBI
67
state agencies
full-service departments that patrol highways
68
county agencies
sheriffs -> elected positions rural areas
69
native american tribal police
enforce tribal criminal laws
70
municipal agencies
police departments of cities and towns -> general law enforcement authority
71
police subculture
secrecy solidarity social isolation working personality
72
police patrol
preventative direct patrol foot patrol aggressive patrol community patrol
73
reactive and proactive policing
reactive: acting in response proactive: acting in anticipation
74
hot spots
areas with more crime
74
problem oriented policing
community problems? solutions? reducing crime in hot spots improving relationships with communities solving more serious crime
75
incident-driven policing and differential response system
speedy response to calls assigning priority to cases
76
compstat
police management system to keep track of productivity
77
clearance rate
percent of crimes known to have been solved by arrest
78
police corruption
grass eaters - taking day to day bribes meat eaters - looking for bribes
79
internal affairs unit
works to weed out internal corruption
80
civilian review boards
outside way of weeding out corruption
81
qualified immunity
legal protected immunity for gov officials' actions that shield them from lawsuits
82
Wisconsin's victims' bill of rights (1980)
first comprehensive victims' rights legislation
83
presidents task force on victims of crime (1980)
Reagan's task force
84
Victims of crime act 1984
cool?!
85
victims rights legislation
Wisconsin's victims' bill of rights (1980) presidents' task force on victims (1980) victims of crime act of 1984

Criminal Justice (5 decks)

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