Test Questions Flashcards
Treatment for Staphylococcus
-MRSA
-MSSA
Resistant
-erythromycin (50s)
-5th gen cephalosporin
-I.V. Vancomycin (inhibit PG’s)
Sensitive
-Pen G
-B-lactamase resistant
-1st gen cephalosporin
Streptococcus Pneumonia vaccine
Mycobacterium TB vaccine
-Prevnar
-Pneumovax
-BCG(Bacille Calmette-Guern)
Used in developing countries to protect children against disseminated forms of TB. Does not protect against pulmonary TB
Bacillus Anthracis
cutaneous anthrax
-cirpofloxacin
Pulmonary anthrax (Woolsorters disease)
widening of mediastinum
-cirpofloxacin
-Rifampin
-Clindamycin or Vancomycin
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
Erythromycin
Pen G
Clostridium tetani
- Pen G
- Metronidazole
- Doxycycline (30s)
What neurotransmitter gets interfered w/ C.tetanus vs. C.botulism
Clostridium Tetani
-Blocks postsynaptic inhibition thus enhancing muscular contraction.
Tetanolysin and tetanospasmin are the toxins released blocking the release of GLYCINE & GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID
Clostridium Botulism
-blockage of synaptic Acetylcholine release and causing paralysis. (Flaccid paralysis)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
-Anti-TB agent
-MDR-TB
-XDR-TB
Multiple antibiotics for extended period. Combo of antibiotics + duration of antibiotics depends on TB form and stain susceptibility.
Anti-TB agents. From left to right: isoniazid, rifampin (red pill), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol
MDR-TB: resistant to isoniazid and rifampin
XDR-TB: resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, fluoroquinolones and at least 1 of the 4 injectable anti-TB drugs (streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin)
TQ: Nocardia
Folic acid metabolism (BAPA - DHF - THF)
Trimethoprim (TMP)
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
Which bacterias causes pulmonary infections and what are the differences?
Streptococcus Pneumonia (G+): one lobe
Legionella (G-): multi-lobar
Nocardia (G+): Bronchopneumonia—>brain abscess: nodule cavity
Mycobacterium TB (G+): cavity lesion
Mycoplasma (fried eg): walking or atypical pneumonia
C. pneumoniae: :Acute acquired pneumonia (community)
C. psittaci: Respiratory psittacosis - mild illness or
pneumonia Transmitted by birds
Bacillus anthracis: pulmonary anthrax: widening of mediastinum
Legionella
Levofloxacin and azithromycin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Anti-pseudomonal penicillin in combo with a B-lactamase inhibitor B/c Anti-pseudomonal are sensitive to B-lactamases therefore you must add a B-lactamase inhibitor.
Anti-pseudomonal penicillin = Piperacillin
B-lactamase inhibitor that you can only add to piperacillin = Tazobactam
When you add Piperacillin + Tazobactam = Zosyn
aminoglycosides(30S)
Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone—DNA gyrase)
Chlamydia
Azithromycin (50S)
Doxycycline (30S) (under Tetracyclines)
Mycoplasma
Azithromycin (50s)
Doxycycline (30S)
Fluroquinolones
Only gram (+), catalase (-) bacteria that grows in salt
Enterococcus
Two most common streptococcal species in the mouth
Streptococcus Mitis group which includes S.mitis, S.oralis
Streptococcus Mutans group which include S.mutans, S.sobrinus are dental caries that produce polysaccharides from sucrose
Which one is found in dental Hand piece?
Legionella
TQ: Chlamydia replicative cycle
Biphasic Life Cycle
Biphasic life cycle
-EB (elementary body): infective form; dormant; resistant to environmental conditions; can survive outside host cell
E = ENTERING
Photo shows
1. EB (elementary body) attaching to receptor on host cell (0hrs)
2. EB triggers its own endocytosis by host cell
3.EB converts into RB (reticulate body) w/n vesicle (10hrs)
-**RB(reticulate body) reproductive form; obligate intracellular form
R = REPLICATION
4.RB divides rapidly = multiple RB = which now called inclusion bodies
5.Most RBs convert back into EB (21 hrs)
6.EBs are released from host cell (40 hrs)
TQ: what are the antibiotics for intracellular organisms? And provide an example of a bacteria
INTRACELLULAR ORGANISM
Azithromycin (50s - Macrolides)
Doxycycline (30s - Tetracycline)
Chlamydia is an intracellular pathogen
TQ: Use of highly absorbent tampons
Toxic shock syndrome by S.aureus
TQ. Which bacteria separates the early colonizers of the oral cavity b/w the late colonizers?
-name the late colonizers
-name the early colonizers
What is the bacterial mechanism for carcinogenic in the oral cavity?
What is the bacterial mechanism for cavity prevention?
Fusobacterium nucleaton
Late:
-P.gingivalis
-tanner forsythia
-privatella intermedia
-lactobacillus
-strep.mutans group (s.mutans, s.sobrinus)
Early:
-strep.mitis group (s.mitis, s.oralis, s.sanguis, s.gordinii)
-actinomyces (a.israelii, a.naeslondii)
-propiobacterium (p.acne)
Ethanol — acet-aldehyde via alcohol dehydrogenase
SCN-thiocyanate — hypocyanate OSCN
NO3 —- NO2
O2 —- H2O2 —- OSCN or H2O
TQ: explain the different bacterial conjugation gene transfer
extrachromosomal
F+ + F- = F+ + F+
integrated
Hfr cell (high frequency recombination cell which means that the plasmid has incorporated itself into the chromosomal DNA) + F- (recipient) = Hfr + recombinant F- cell
Which pathogens are intracellular and provide treatment
Mycobacteria TB Invades and survives in macrophages by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion.
-Anti-TB antigen = 4 of them (left to right)
-MRTB = idk
-XRTB= literally can’t take anything. You dyinggggg
chlamydia Obligate intracellular pathogen that replicates inside a specialized vacuole known as inclusion bodies (EB-RB-40hrs)
-Azithromycin (quick/1 day Macrolide-50S)
-Doxycycline (30S)
Mycoplasma (M.pneumonia = atypical/walking pneumonia)
-Azithromycin (Macrolide-50S)
-Doxycycline
Legionella this bacteria is facultative intracellular; lysosomal fusion is blocked; feeding off cells organelles; macrophage burst
-Azithromycin (quick/1day)
-Levofloxacin (DNA gyrase)
Acid-Fast stain used for what pathogens?
-Mycobacteria (M.TB, M.leprae, M.avium complex (MAC) includes M.intracellulare)
-Nocardia
