Test Questions

Question 1

What are the main parts of animal cells?

Answer 1

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria 
Ribosomes

Question 2

Which parts of a cell are found in plant cells but not animal cells?

Answer 2

Cell wall, chloroplasts, permanent vacuole

Question 3

Name the parts of bacterial cells?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm, ribosomes, chromosomal DNA, cell membrane, cell wall

Question 4

What is the function of a nucleus of a cell?

Answer 4

To control the activities of a cell to store the genetic information

Question 5

If a cell is adapted to do a specialist function, what is it said to be?

Answer 5

Specialised

Question 6

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

Answer 6

To provide a place for most of the chemical reactions to take place

Question 7

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

To control the passage of substance into and out of the cell

Question 8

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

To provide a place for most of the energy in respiration to be released.

Question 9

Where does protein synthesis in the cell happen?

Answer 9

Ribosomes

Question 10

Which feature do plant cells have which help them to strengthen and support their cells?

Answer 10

They have cell walls made of cellulose

Question 11

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 11

They absorb light energy to carry out photosynthesis and make glucose

Question 12

What is found inside the permanent vacuole of plant cells?

Answer 12

Cell sap

Question 13

What is important about the genetic information in a bacterial cell?

Answer 13

It is not inside a distinct nucleus

Question 14

Name two features of a sperm cell

Answer 14

Tail to allow it to swim to the egg
Lots of mitochondria meaning lots of energy
Enzymes in the head
23 chromosomes

Question 15

Why do ciliated cells and sperm cells have lots of mitochondria?

Answer 15

They move a to therefore they require lots of energy.

Question 16

How do dissolved substances move in and out of cells?

Answer 16

Diffusion or active transport

Question 17

What is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 17

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 18

Diffusion of water molecules is known as what?

Answer 18

Osmosis.

Question 19

Define active transport.

Answer 19

The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

Question 20

What is needed for active transport to take place?

Answer 20

Energy

Question 21

Explain why a piece of potato will decrease in mass when placed in a high concentration solution of sucrose?

Answer 21

Because water will move out of the potato through osmosis.

Question 22

What do catalysts do?

Answer 22

They increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up.

Question 23

What are biological catalysts called?

Answer 23

Enzymes.

Question 24

What type of molecule are enzymes made from?

Answer 24

Proteins

Question 25

What property of enzymes is vital for its function?

Answer 25

The shape of the enzyme molecule

Question 26

What do high temperatures do to the enzyme?

Answer 26

Change the shape of the enzyme molecule - the enzyme is denatured

Question 27

What other factor is important for enzymes to function correctly?

Answer 27

Ph

Question 28

What does denatured mean?

Answer 28

When the active site of an enzyme changes shape.

Question 29

What does amylase do?

Answer 29

It catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine.

Question 30

What does protease do?

Answer 30

It catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine.

Question 31

What does lipase do?

Answer 31

It catalyses the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine.

Question 32

What is the name of the type of cell division seen in body cells?

Answer 32

Mitosis

Question 33

What first happens to the genetic material (DNA) when a cell body divides?

Answer 33

It is copied

Question 34

How many times does a body cell divide?

Answer 34

Once

Question 35

How does the genetic information of a new cell, produce by a body cell dividing, compare with the original cell?

Answer 35

They are identical

Question 36

What is another name for 'sex cells'?

Answer 36

Gametes

Question 37

What is the name of the type of cell division that produces gametes?

Answer 37

Meiosis

Question 38

What happens once an egg has been fertilised?

Answer 38

Mitosis

Question 39

Why do body cells divide?

Answer 39

For growth and repair

Question 40

Where do human cells come from?

Answer 40

Embryos and adult bone marrow

Question 41

What can human stem cells have the ability to do?

Answer 41

Develop into any type of human cell

Question 42

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a human body cell?

Answer 42

23 pairs/ 46

Question 43

Describe the structure of a DNA molecule

Answer 43

Double helxi

Question 44

State the complementary base pairs found in DNA

Answer 44

A-T | C-G

Question 45

Which 3 'chemical' substances would you need if you were trying to extract DNA from kiwi fruit?

Answer 45

Salt, ethanol and washing up liquid

Question 46

What was the purpose of the Human Genome project?

Answer 46

To sequence all of the bases in the human genome

Question 47

State 2 potential benefits of the Human Genome Project

Answer 47

Improved genetic testing for disorders New ways of finding new genes that may increase risks of certain diseases New treatments and cures for diseases New ways at looking at changes in the genome over time Personalised medicines that work with a particular genotype.