Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Linguistics > Test Questions > Flashcards

Test Questions Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the gender of English?

A

Referential/Natural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does English have Inflixes?

A

Yes! Abso”freaking”lutely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Deep structure vs Surface structure

A

Deep and surface structure → Standard theory of Chomsky Deep structure- basis for the semantic interpretation (basic meaning of a sentence) Surface structure- basis for the phonetic realization (form of sentence) example: a) Conrad found two eggs. b) Two eggs were found by Conrad. (They have the same meaning, but different forms→ they share the same Deep Structure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Morpheme

Lexeme

paradigm

A

M: the smallest eaningful unit of language

L:all reated meanings represented by a single form

P: a system of word forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Complex sentence

A

A complex sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is hungarian an indo European language family?

A

no its closer to finnish the uralic family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was Bloomfield’s approach to syntax ? What was Chomsky’s?

A

descriptive + context independent = BLOOMFIELD TRADITION generative + context independent = CHOMSKIAN TRADITION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

metonymy

A

crown for queen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Metonymy? is it a figure of speech?

A

Metonymy is: the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, bottle for wine it is a figure of speech.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Do lexical morphemes precede or follow grammatical morphemes

A

Precede

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are agglutinating languages?

A

An agglutinative language is a type of synthetic language with morphology that primarily uses agglutination. Words may contain different morphemes to determine their meanings, but all of these morphemes remain, in every aspect, unchanged after their unions. Turkish, Finnish, and Japanese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Two sentences can have the same deep structure and the same surface structure True or false

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does English have Inflection prefixes?

A

No all prefixes are deviational in English

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is the word smog created from smoke and fog what is the process?

A

Blending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

“She is a walking dictionary” is an Example of what?

A

it is the example of a metaphor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is derivational morphology?

A

adding a morpheme to produce a new complex word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In polysynthetic languages…

A

a word could be as long as a clause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the declarative sentence word order?

A

SVOMPT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Rheme

A

Rheme- nucleus of utterance, represents the new information, commun. dynamism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Absence makes the heart grow fonder idiom or proverb?

A

Proverb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

homonymy

A

see/sea Band music/Band ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is a morpheme a linguistic sign?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

paradigm-

A

set of all the inflected forms which an individual word assume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

syntagmatic relations

A

collocations, idioms, proverbs metaphor, metonymy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
4 basic types of languages (Sapir, Skalička):
1. Analytic (isolating) language (English, Chinese) 2. Synthetic language a) agglutinating language- Hugar b) inflectional language 3) Polysynthetic language (American Indian l.) 4) Introflective language
26
Chronological division of English:
Chronological division of English: Old English (Anglo- Saxon): ▪ Pre- old English (celtic tribes) 450- 700 ▪ Early old English (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) 700-900 ▪ Late old English (William de Conquer) 900- 1100 Middle English: ▪ Early English 1100- 1300 ▪ Late middle English 1300- 1500 Modern English: ▪ Early modern English 1500- 1650 ▪ Late modern English 1650- 1800 ▪ Present English 1800
27
Lexemes are?
all possible meanings of a word can have
28
What kind of language is slovak?
its inflectional and part the indo european language family the Slavic branch
29
paradigmatic relations
homonymy, polysemy, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy/hyperonymy
30
polysemy,
Beam
31
Do derivational affixes always change the category of the words the attach?
no
32
In the sentence she was playing with a doll. she represents what?
the theme
33
Buhler’s ORGANON mode Noan Chomsky Lyon's trichotomy
**B:** (Performance- to perform something (to show something); Competence – the ability, skill to do something **N:**Linguistic performance - mechanical skills (the ability of reading)necessary for the production and reception of language Quality of performance depends on quality of competence Linguistic competence- cognitive skills necessary for the construction and understanding of meaningful sequences of words Lyon langug : confidence/ performance/parole
34
hyponymy/hyperonymy
tulip/flower
35
what is a typical feature or a agglutinative Language
Vowel harmony
36
independent clause vs dependent clause
an independent clause is “a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.” A dependent clause is “a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought.”
37
Prepositions are content words or function words ?
Function words- closed class (articles, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, determiners, auxiliary v.) - fulfil a grammatical function, but do not carry the main meaning
38
Suppletion is only seen with inflections not derivations true or false? Sing- sang
true
39
an example of a collocation
Strong tea
40
What are content Words? open or closed?
Content words- open class (nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs)
41
What is a kernel Sentence
a simple, active, declarative sentence containing no modifiers or connectives that may be used in making more elaborate sentences: The sentence “Good tests are short” is made from two kernel sentences: (1) “Tests are short.” (2) “(The) tests are good.”
42
Is Hungarian an indo European language family?
no its closer to finnish the uralic family
43
Norm Chomsky represents
the generative approach
44
What are Function words? open or closed
Function words- closed class (articles, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, determiners, auxiliary v.) - fulfil a grammatical function, but do not carry the main meaning
45
What is the relationship between form and meaning in agglutinating languages
one to one
46
Homophones
Be BEE
47
compound sentence vs complex sentence
A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. A complex sentence has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause.
48
Allomorphs must be or needn't be phonetically and semantically similar?
needn't be
49
Synonyms have the same signifiers or the same signified?
They have the same signified but different signifiers
50
Norman conquest is an Example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_factor Influencing the development of English
External dealing with history wars political social etc
51
English Slovak and Irish are members of ?
the Indo European family
52
Possessive case [apostrophe] deals with external or internal factors in the development of the English language?
The internal history- includes development of language structure- the evolution of phonology, grammar, vocabulary, writing
53
What is Language determinism?
The idea that language shapes thought
54
Describe inflectional morphology?
adding to a morpheme to produce a new word but the same lexeme
55
What is the basis for phonetic realization (form of the sentence)
surface structure
56
What is the basis for basic for the semantic interpretation (the basic meaning of a sentence)
Deep structure
57
Collocations, idioms, metaphors and metonymy represent
syntagmatic relations between lexical units
58
Edward Sapir is a representative of
American Structuralism
59
What kind of language is Slovak?
its inflectional and part the indo european language family the Slavic branch
60
The chomskian approach to syntax deals with:
Hoe words came into existence generative + context independent = CHOMSKIAN TRADITION
61
Plain English, Plain white shirt and great plains are examples of
Polysemy
62
Vladimir Skalicka is a representative of ?
Prague Linguistic Circle
63
Conversion
using a word in a new class **work as noun** is converted to **work as a verb**
64
Inflection vs Derivation
**Inflection:** providing a words stem with gramatical morphemes **wraps wrapper wrapped** **Derivation:** affixes something that changes the word **unwrap prewrap**
65
Morphology
The Form and structure of New words the man unbuttoned his shirt (5 words) unbuttoned (3 morphemes) buttoned (4 phonemes) b (1) Phone
66
Lexicology Lexicon Lexeme
**Lexicology**: the form and meaning of words **Lexicom:** Mental vocabulary/dictionary **Lexeme:** all meanings of a single word
67
Syntax
Syntax the structure of sentences
68
**syntagmatic relations** and **paradigmatic relations**
basic linguistic relationships which describe the complex structure of a language system.
69
determinant vs determinatum
determianant + determinatum modifier head tall Man
70
Semantically Syntatically
Semantically refering to semantics Syntatically refering to syntax
71
inflection two parts
**Declension** – is the occurrence of inflection in nouns, adj and pronouns. When inflecting nouns, we indicate such features as **number (sg and pl), gendre or case** **Conjugation** - is the occurrence of inflections in verbs. It may be affected by person, **number, tense, voice, mood and aspect.**
72
Cranberry /Czechoslovakia
**cranberry morphs:** are impossble to devide only residual elements ## Footnote if we divide: cran + berry do not have lexical- semantic meaning, the analysis should not be possible **Czechoslovakia** ,craftsman- neither -o- nor -s- meet the definition of morpheme
73
Root Vs Stem
**Root-** always present in lexeme **Stem-** the part of the word without any inflectional morphemes, but it can have derivational ones
74
Lexical morphemes
precede gramatical morphemes open class **Free**: root, stems **Bound:** prefixes, suffixes derivational morphology
75
Gramatical Morphemes
closed class Free: function words Bound affixes Conju inflectional morphology
76
Phonetics vs Phonology
Phonetics vs Phonology speech vs Language parole vs langue concrete vs abstract Picture of knights on horses phonetics was a clear image while the phonolgy night was just lines
77
quirk Word classes
**Closed:** prepositions, pronouns conjunctions auxillary verbs **Open:** Nound, ad,j verbs, adverbs Lesser catergories- numerals, interjection words of unique function- not, to, Inflectional affixes
78
**Syntactic level** **Lexical Level** **Morphological Level** **Phonic Level**
**Syntactic level** utternance, sentence **Lexical Level** Lexical semantics, lexical unit **Morphological Level** inflectional, derivational, morpheme ,morph **Phonic Level** Phonetis, phonology, phoneme phone
79
Conventionality Linearity
**Conventionality** components are linked by way of the speech community **Linearity** utterances are realized in time the syntagmatic nature of langauge
80
ogden Richards
semionic triangle **start** symbol signifier **rise:** sybolizes signification **climax** thought or reference concept **fall** refers to designation **end** referent
81
Type and Token
**Type**- is a particular derived word or phoneme. **Token-** is an occurrence of this word (type) in language. - concrete realization of my abstraction example: [t] – one type, one phoneme better [t] [td] 2 tokens
82
Paradigm vs Syntagm
paradigm substitute syntagma associate
83
sign
**1.tree** mental image/concept **signified** 1+2 =signification 2+3- designation **2.tree** Acoustic image **signifier** **3.TREE** referent
84
Grammatical case
**Nominative:** Stan/stone Where is **(sub) _sarah's_** money? **Accusative:** Stan/stone Where is sarah's **(obj)money**? **Genitive:** Stanes where is **(pos)​sarah's money?** **Dative:** stane sarah **(rec)got her money.**
85
Lipka
Morphemes Lexical grammatical open case closed class precede grammer morphemes follow
86

Linguistics (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions