Test Questions Flashcards by Curtis and Harold project for everyone

What does not change in the newborn?

-Stroke volume

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The hallmark of intravascular fluid depletion in neonates and infants is:

-Hypotension without tachycardia

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The major cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality in pediatric patient is:

Hypoxia from indequate ventilation

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The pediatric patient’s major mechanism for heat production is:

Nonshivering thermogenesis

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A concern for paradoxical air embolism may occur in the neonate because of:

Patent foramen ovale

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Up to what age is the cricoid cartilage the narrowest point of the pediatric airway

5 years

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Correct pediatric endotracheal tube placement is confirmed by:

Bilateral breath sounds

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The most common type of T-E fistula is:

Type IIIB

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In a patient with congenital diaphragmatic hernia what should the peak inspiratory airway pressure be:

20 cm/H20

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An appropriate blood pressure for a neonate should be:

65/40

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If the MAC for agent A is 3% for the newborn, what MAC value would represent the one-year-old?

3 percent

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Which is NOT a manifestation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Lab tests

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The pediatric patient with scoliosis secondary to muscular dystrophy has been given succinycholine for rapid sequence induction. All of the following may result AND which one will not result:

RESULT:

Myoglobinuria
malignant hyperthermia
cardiac dysrhythmias

Will NOT result:
-Hypokalemia

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Which inhalational agent has the same MAC for neonates and infants?

Sevoflurane

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Your pediatric patient has had a recent viral infection. What time should pass before general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation would be considered reasonable

2-4 weeks

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During the perioperative period your pediatric patient develops sudden profound bradycardia and sinus node arrest. What drug(s) were given

Succinylcholine without atropine pretreatment

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An 18 month old female is brought to the emergency room with inspiratory stridor, a barking cough, hoarseness and substernal retractions. The child’s parents report that she had developed a temperature of 38.3 degrees Celsius and a runny nose and cough for which she was treated symptomatically three days agoe. There were no significant problems unit three hours ago, when she became agitated and short of breath. The most likely diagnosis is?

CROUP

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The anterior fontanelle usually closes by what age:

Eighteen months

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A 6 year old boy has a cardiac arrest following administration of succinylcholine. What is the most likely reason?

Hyperkalemia

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The following patient was admitted for cleft lip repair: A six month old 7 kg male infant. The surgery will last three hours from 8 to 11 A.M. The infant was given a clear liquid feeding at 5 A.M. Hemoglobin 11; hematocrit 33.

During surgery, replacing deficit and maintenance requirements of fluids for this child (not including blood loss or third-space loss) would mean infusing fluids for the first hour of approximately:

75 cc (4:2:1 rule)

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The infant’s tidal volume would be approximately:

45-50 cc

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Normal repiratory rate would be approximately:

30-35 breaths per minute

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Midway through surgery, a month old infant’s vital signs were BP 75/50, P 122, and temp 37 degree Celsius. Which of the following would you do?

Maintain same level of anesthesia and temperature

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O2 consumption for this infant would be approximately:

7 cc/kg

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INCREASE

Which of the following would help decrease R to L shunt the most in a condition such as tetralogy of Fallot?

Increase systemic vascular resistance

What Electrolyte abnormalities are present in the infant with pyloric stenosis.

- Hypochloremia, - Hypokalemia, - Metabolic Allkalosis

Administration of resuscitation fluids containing glucose in a child with thermal burns may result in

hypertonic-nonketotic coma

What is the average blood volume of a 6 month old infant?

80 cc/kg

At what gestational age is surfactant deposited on the surface of the lung in sufficient quantities to allow easier expansion of lungs?

35 weeks

At what post conception age does the risk of R.O.P become negligible?

44 weeks

In an infant with severe diarrhea the electrolyte and acid base status is likely to be:

- Hypokalemic | - Acidosis

During fetal circulation, blood passes from the right atrium to the left atrium by way of:

Foramen ovale

A ridge in the fetal inferior vena cava directs blood in two streams. This ridge is termed the:

Crista terminalis

What are you most concerned with intraoperatively in a child when you discontinue TPN prior to surgery?

Rebound hypoglycemia

The rate of pre-op hydration for continued bleeding post tonsillectomy is recommended to be:

15-20 cc/kg

Overinflation of the lungs may produce apnea by which of the following reflexes:

Hering-Breuer

A 7 year old 25 kg child comes to the OR for a tonsillectomy what size endo tube would most likely be used?

5.5

Regarding the above mentioned child what would his hourly maintenance fluids be? (A 7 year old 25 kg child comes to the OR for a tonsillectomy what size endo tube would most likely be used? )

Of the following congenital heart defects, which one would result in a decreased pulmonary blood flow?

Tetrology of fallot

In patients with a diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta, where would youplace the arterial line?

Right radial artery

For a premature infant, estimated blood volume is:

100 cc/Kg

All of the following are true of the management of a patient with Necrotizing Enterocolitis and the one that is not?

Right management: - Do an awake intubation - Decreased platelet, prolonged PT PTT administer fresh frozen plasma and platelets - Come to OR with NG tube NOT right managment: -Usually present with hypervolemia

At what post conception age does post op apnea cecome less of a risk factor in the preterm infant?

50 to 60 weeks

What % of BSA is an infants head?

19%

The average tidal volume in a newborn infant weighing 2.5 kg is approximately:

20 mL

A 3 month old child for non emergent surgery has a preoperative hemoglobin of 11. What is the proper course of action?

Proceed with the surgery

Hypoglycemia in neonates is a serum gluscose of less then ____ mg/dl.

Blood loss in an infant not requiring replacement by blood is typically replaced with?

3 cc of LR per cc of blood loss

If a child experiences a cardiac arrest after succinylcholine which of the following is recommended?

Immediate treatment for hyperkalemia should be institute

Which of the factors predispose the neonate to respiratory problems?

Paradoxical response to hypoxia

Which of the following statements is true when comparing gastroschisis and omphalocele?

More associated congenital anomalies with omphalocele

At what age is renal function almost normal in the healthy infants?

6 months

Which is the only abnormality present in the normal fetal heart?

Foramen ovale

Neonates produce heat by

brown fat metabolism

Presence of a patent Foramen Ovale will increase the risk of

Paradoxical air emboli

Post extubation laryngospasm is caused by stimulation of which nerve?

Superior laryngeal

In a congenital diaphragmatic hernia a sign of a contralateral pneumothora is:

Sudden decrease in pulmonary compliance

Which of th efollowing is true of the patient with muscular dystrophy?

Increased incidence of malignant hyperthermia

In the patient with Trisomy 21 syndromewhich of the following is true

Neck flexion during intubation may lead to atlanto occipital dislocation

All of the following are true of Cystic Fibrosis except?

Decreased residual volume

Hypothermia in infants has been associated with all of the following except:

Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance

Anatomic differences in infants when compared to adults include all except:

Compliant left ventricle

Pharmacologic differences in infants when compared to adults include all except:

Increased protein binding

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the infants response to hypovolemia?

Hypotension with minimal or no change in heart rate

Which of the following would be an anesthetic concern in the patient with progeria

Difficult intubation

Which of the following statements is true regarding anesthesia management of the patient with Verebral Plasy?

Increased risk of aspiration

Calculate the minute volume of a 4 kg infant with a respiratory rate of 30

850-950

What is the anatomic deadspace in a 30 kg child

65-80

Coarctation of the aorta primarily presents which of the following insults to the pediatric heart?

Increased afterload

In a pediatric patient iwth congestive heart failure which of the following drugs would be best for induction?

Ketamine

During neonatal resuscitation the initial dose of epinephrine is:

0.01 kg/ kg

What is the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula?

IIIB

What is the most frequent electrolyte disorder postoperative in the pediatric patient?

hyponatremia

With regardis to post op care of the patient who has had a reapair of a TEF which of the following should be avoided?

Gastric or esophageal suctioning

Which of the following IV drugs is currently recommended for RSI in a pediatric patient?

Rocuronium

At what age is the MAC of Forane the highest?

1 year

Which of the following drugs is utilized in the pediatric patient with a PDA to help cause closure?

Indomethacin

In a patient with TOF which of the followin drugs would be most likely to cause a decrease in PaO2?

Nipride

All of the following are classical defects of TOF and the one that is not?

Signs of TOF: - Ventral septal defect - Right ventral obstruction - overiding aorta NOT a sign of TOF: Patent ductus

Where do you check for a pulse in an infant when doing CPR?

Brachil/femoral

What is the most common type of congenital heart disease?

ventral septal defect (VSD)

At what age does the pediatric larynx descend to the adult level with the cricoid cartilage being opposite C5

At what age does the FRC of the pediatric patient reach adult levels (cc/kg)?

4 days

The diagnosis of persistent fetal circulation can be confirmed by?

Simultaneous comparison of PaO2 between preductal and postductal arteries

Which of the following is true of renal function in the 3 to 5 week old infant compared to the neonate?

GFR is increased nearly fourfold

Which of the following is the most common congenital heart defect

Ventral septal defect (VSD)

Which of the following is not a concern in the pediatric patient for strabismus surgery?

Increased IOP

Test Questions Flashcards

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