Test Questions Flashcards Preview

Uncategorized > Test Questions > Flashcards

Flashcards in Test Questions Deck (88)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What does not change in the newborn?

A

-Stroke volume

2
Q

The hallmark of intravascular fluid depletion in neonates and infants is:

A

-Hypotension without tachycardia

3
Q

The major cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality in pediatric patient is:

A

Hypoxia from indequate ventilation

4
Q

The pediatric patient’s major mechanism for heat production is:

A

Nonshivering thermogenesis

5
Q

A concern for paradoxical air embolism may occur in the neonate because of:

A

Patent foramen ovale

6
Q

Up to what age is the cricoid cartilage the narrowest point of the pediatric airway

A

5 years

7
Q

Correct pediatric endotracheal tube placement is confirmed by:

A

Bilateral breath sounds

8
Q

The most common type of T-E fistula is:

A

Type IIIB

9
Q

In a patient with congenital diaphragmatic hernia what should the peak inspiratory airway pressure be:

A

20 cm/H20

10
Q

An appropriate blood pressure for a neonate should be:

A

65/40

11
Q

If the MAC for agent A is 3% for the newborn, what MAC value would represent the one-year-old?

A

3 percent

12
Q

Which is NOT a manifestation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Lab tests

13
Q

The pediatric patient with scoliosis secondary to muscular dystrophy has been given succinycholine for rapid sequence induction. All of the following may result AND which one will not result:

A

RESULT:

  • Myoglobinuria
  • malignant hyperthermia
  • cardiac dysrhythmias

Will NOT result:
-Hypokalemia

14
Q

Which inhalational agent has the same MAC for neonates and infants?

A

Sevoflurane

15
Q

Your pediatric patient has had a recent viral infection. What time should pass before general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation would be considered reasonable

A

2-4 weeks

16
Q

During the perioperative period your pediatric patient develops sudden profound bradycardia and sinus node arrest. What drug(s) were given

A

Succinylcholine without atropine pretreatment

17
Q

An 18 month old female is brought to the emergency room with inspiratory stridor, a barking cough, hoarseness and substernal retractions. The child’s parents report that she had developed a temperature of 38.3 degrees Celsius and a runny nose and cough for which she was treated symptomatically three days agoe. There were no significant problems unit three hours ago, when she became agitated and short of breath. The most likely diagnosis is?

A

CROUP

18
Q

The anterior fontanelle usually closes by what age:

A

Eighteen months

19
Q

A 6 year old boy has a cardiac arrest following administration of succinylcholine. What is the most likely reason?

A

Hyperkalemia

20
Q

The following patient was admitted for cleft lip repair: A six month old 7 kg male infant. The surgery will last three hours from 8 to 11 A.M. The infant was given a clear liquid feeding at 5 A.M. Hemoglobin 11; hematocrit 33.

During surgery, replacing deficit and maintenance requirements of fluids for this child (not including blood loss or third-space loss) would mean infusing fluids for the first hour of approximately:

A

75 cc (4:2:1 rule)

21
Q

The following patient was admitted for cleft lip repair: A six month old 7 kg male infant. The surgery will last three hours from 8 to 11 A.M. The infant was given a clear liquid feeding at 5 A.M. Hemoglobin 11; hematocrit 33.

The infant’s tidal volume would be approximately:

A

45-50 cc

22
Q

The following patient was admitted for cleft lip repair: A six month old 7 kg male infant. The surgery will last three hours from 8 to 11 A.M. The infant was given a clear liquid feeding at 5 A.M. Hemoglobin 11; hematocrit 33.

Normal repiratory rate would be approximately:

A

30-35 breaths per minute

23
Q

The following patient was admitted for cleft lip repair: A six month old 7 kg male infant. The surgery will last three hours from 8 to 11 A.M. The infant was given a clear liquid feeding at 5 A.M. Hemoglobin 11; hematocrit 33.

Midway through surgery, a month old infant’s vital signs were BP 75/50, P 122, and temp 37 degree Celsius. Which of the following would you do?

A

Maintain same level of anesthesia and temperature

24
Q

The following patient was admitted for cleft lip repair: A six month old 7 kg male infant. The surgery will last three hours from 8 to 11 A.M. The infant was given a clear liquid feeding at 5 A.M. Hemoglobin 11; hematocrit 33.

O2 consumption for this infant would be approximately:

A

7 cc/kg

25
Q

The following patient was admitted for cleft lip repair: A six month old 7 kg male infant. The surgery will last three hours from 8 to 11 A.M. The infant was given a clear liquid feeding at 5 A.M. Hemoglobin 11; hematocrit 33.

If this infant were allowed to cool, his O2 consumption would :

A

INCREASE

26
Q

Which of the following would help decrease R to L shunt the most in a condition such as tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Increase systemic vascular resistance

27
Q

What Electrolyte abnormalities are present in the infant with pyloric stenosis.

A
  • Hypochloremia,
  • Hypokalemia,
  • Metabolic Allkalosis
28
Q

Administration of resuscitation fluids containing glucose in a child with thermal burns may result in

A

hypertonic-nonketotic coma

29
Q

What is the average blood volume of a 6 month old infant?

A

80 cc/kg

30
Q

At what gestational age is surfactant deposited on the surface of the lung in sufficient quantities to allow easier expansion of lungs?

A

35 weeks

31
Q

At what post conception age does the risk of R.O.P become negligible?

A

44 weeks

32
Q

In an infant with severe diarrhea the electrolyte and acid base status is likely to be:

A
  • Hypokalemic

- Acidosis

33
Q

During fetal circulation, blood passes from the right atrium to the left atrium by way of:

A

Foramen ovale

34
Q

A ridge in the fetal inferior vena cava directs blood in two streams. This ridge is termed the:

A

Crista terminalis

35
Q

What are you most concerned with intraoperatively in a child when you discontinue TPN prior to surgery?

A

Rebound hypoglycemia

36
Q

The rate of pre-op hydration for continued bleeding post tonsillectomy is recommended to be:

A

15-20 cc/kg

37
Q

Overinflation of the lungs may produce apnea by which of the following reflexes:

A

Hering-Breuer

38
Q

A 7 year old 25 kg child comes to the OR for a tonsillectomy what size endo tube would most likely be used?

A

5.5

39
Q

Regarding the above mentioned child what would his hourly maintenance fluids be?

(A 7 year old 25 kg child comes to the OR for a tonsillectomy what size endo tube would most likely be used? )

A

65

40
Q

Of the following congenital heart defects, which one would result in a decreased pulmonary blood flow?

A

Tetrology of fallot

41
Q

In patients with a diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta, where would youplace the arterial line?

A

Right radial artery

42
Q

For a premature infant, estimated blood volume is:

A

100 cc/Kg

43
Q

All of the following are true of the management of a patient with Necrotizing Enterocolitis and the one that is not?

A

Right management:

  • Do an awake intubation
  • Decreased platelet, prolonged PT PTT administer fresh frozen plasma and platelets
  • Come to OR with NG tube

NOT right managment:
-Usually present with hypervolemia

44
Q

At what post conception age does post op apnea cecome less of a risk factor in the preterm infant?

A

50 to 60 weeks

45
Q

What % of BSA is an infants head?

A

19%

46
Q

The average tidal volume in a newborn infant weighing 2.5 kg is approximately:

A

20 mL

47
Q

A 3 month old child for non emergent surgery has a preoperative hemoglobin of 11. What is the proper course of action?

A

Proceed with the surgery

48
Q

Hypoglycemia in neonates is a serum gluscose of less then ____ mg/dl.

A

30

49
Q

Blood loss in an infant not requiring replacement by blood is typically replaced with?

A

3 cc of LR per cc of blood loss

50
Q

If a child experiences a cardiac arrest after succinylcholine which of the following is recommended?

A

Immediate treatment for hyperkalemia should be institute

51
Q

Which of the factors predispose the neonate to respiratory problems?

A

Paradoxical response to hypoxia

52
Q

Which of the following statements is true when comparing gastroschisis and omphalocele?

A

More associated congenital anomalies with omphalocele

53
Q

At what age is renal function almost normal in the healthy infants?

A

6 months

54
Q

Which is the only abnormality present in the normal fetal heart?

A

Foramen ovale

55
Q

Neonates produce heat by

A

brown fat metabolism

56
Q

Presence of a patent Foramen Ovale will increase the risk of

A

Paradoxical air emboli

57
Q

Post extubation laryngospasm is caused by stimulation of which nerve?

A

Superior laryngeal

58
Q

In a congenital diaphragmatic hernia a sign of a contralateral pneumothora is:

A

Sudden decrease in pulmonary compliance

59
Q

Which of th efollowing is true of the patient with muscular dystrophy?

A

Increased incidence of malignant hyperthermia

60
Q

In the patient with Trisomy 21 syndromewhich of the following is true

A

Neck flexion during intubation may lead to atlanto occipital dislocation

61
Q

All of the following are true of Cystic Fibrosis except?

A

Decreased residual volume

62
Q

Hypothermia in infants has been associated with all of the following except:

A

Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance

63
Q

Anatomic differences in infants when compared to adults include all except:

A

Compliant left ventricle

64
Q

Pharmacologic differences in infants when compared to adults include all except:

A

Increased protein binding

65
Q

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the infants response to hypovolemia?

A

Hypotension with minimal or no change in heart rate

66
Q

Which of the following would be an anesthetic concern in the patient with progeria

A

Difficult intubation

67
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding anesthesia management of the patient with Verebral Plasy?

A

Increased risk of aspiration

68
Q

Calculate the minute volume of a 4 kg infant with a respiratory rate of 30

A

850-950

69
Q

What is the anatomic deadspace in a 30 kg child

A

65-80

70
Q

Coarctation of the aorta primarily presents which of the following insults to the pediatric heart?

A

Increased afterload

71
Q

In a pediatric patient iwth congestive heart failure which of the following drugs would be best for induction?

A

Ketamine

72
Q

During neonatal resuscitation the initial dose of epinephrine is:

A

0.01 kg/ kg

73
Q

What is the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

IIIB

74
Q

What is the most frequent electrolyte disorder postoperative in the pediatric patient?

A

hyponatremia

75
Q

With regardis to post op care of the patient who has had a reapair of a TEF which of the following should be avoided?

A

Gastric or esophageal suctioning

76
Q

Which of the following IV drugs is currently recommended for RSI in a pediatric patient?

A

Rocuronium

77
Q

At what age is the MAC of Forane the highest?

A

1 year

78
Q

Which of the following drugs is utilized in the pediatric patient with a PDA to help cause closure?

A

Indomethacin

79
Q

In a patient with TOF which of the followin drugs would be most likely to cause a decrease in PaO2?

A

Nipride

80
Q

All of the following are classical defects of TOF and the one that is not?

A

Signs of TOF:

  • Ventral septal defect
  • Right ventral obstruction
  • overiding aorta

NOT a sign of TOF:
Patent ductus

81
Q

Where do you check for a pulse in an infant when doing CPR?

A

Brachil/femoral

82
Q

What is the most common type of congenital heart disease?

A

ventral septal defect (VSD)

83
Q

At what age does the pediatric larynx descend to the adult level with the cricoid cartilage being opposite C5

A

6

84
Q

At what age does the FRC of the pediatric patient reach adult levels (cc/kg)?

A

4 days

85
Q

The diagnosis of persistent fetal circulation can be confirmed by?

A

Simultaneous comparison of PaO2 between preductal and postductal arteries

86
Q

Which of the following is true of renal function in the 3 to 5 week old infant compared to the neonate?

A

GFR is increased nearly fourfold

87
Q

Which of the following is the most common congenital heart defect

A

Ventral septal defect (VSD)

88
Q

Which of the following is not a concern in the pediatric patient for strabismus surgery?

A

Increased IOP