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History of Christian Thought & Culture > Test Terms > Flashcards

Test Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Presocratics

A

First philosophers

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2
Q

Theory of Forms

A

A perfect, ideal world exists, which this world is a mere reflection of. (Attributed to either Socrates, Plato, or both)

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3
Q

Athens

A

City of the philosophers (named after Athena, goddess of Wisdom and War)

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4
Q

Socrates

A

Famous for knowing nothing, and asking questions (Died by Hemlock, 399 B.C.)

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5
Q

Plato

A

Student of Socrates who advanced Forms and internal knowledge (points up)

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6
Q

Aristotle

A

Student of Plato who advocates external knowledge and science (points down)

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7
Q

Gnosticism

A

“The material world is evil and only secret, spiritual knowledge (gnosis) can free us from it”

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8
Q

Constantine

A

Roman Emperor who converted to Christianity

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9
Q

Augustine

A

Major theologian who wed Greek and Christian thought (wrote ‘Confessions’)

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10
Q

Muhammad

A

Founder of Islam

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11
Q

Crusades

A

200 years of wars between Christians and Muslims, primarily over the Holy Land

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12
Q

Eastern Orthodoxy

A

Split from Catholics in 1054 schism (centered primarily around Eastern Europe/Russia)

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13
Q

The Black Death

A

Killed 75-200 million people

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14
Q

Scholasticism

A

Medieval European theology and philosophy (merged Aristotle and Church Fathers)

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15
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

Major scholastic thinker (wrote ‘Summa Theologiae’)

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16
Q

The Reformation

A

Protestant split from Catholics (1500s)

17
Q

Martin Luther

A

Launched Protestant Reformation (95 Theses nailed to Wittenburg Door in 1517)

18
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Rationalist who doubted everything except his own mind (“I think therefore I am”)

19
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

Split the world into phenomena (what is experienced) and noumena (the mysterious realm beyond experience)

20
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Darwinian evolution (Published ‘On the Origin of Species’ in 1859)

History of Christian Thought & Culture (1 decks)

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