Test Three Review

Question 1

Interneurons that connect ganglia cells and bipolar neurons are called?

Answer 1

Amacrine cells

Question 2

What cell extends throughout the retina?

Answer 2

Mueller

Question 3

The optic nerve is a bundle of axons that originates from what cell?

Answer 3

Ganglion cells

Question 4

Photosensitive pigments are associated with what segment of a photosensitive cell?

Answer 4

Outer segment

Question 5

What segment of rods and cones consist of mitochondria RER Golgi and glycogen?

Answer 5

Inner segment

Question 6

What does the cell body of a photoreceptor contain?

Answer 6

Nucleus and short axon

Question 7

What photoreceptor is sensitive to low light intensity and responsible for black and white vision?

Answer 7

Rods

Question 8

What photoreceptor is sensitive to high intensity light and gives color vision?

Answer 8

Cones

Question 9

Highest area of visual acuity?

Answer 9

Fovea centralis of the macula leutea

Question 10

Layers of the cornea?

Answer 10

Corneal epithelium
Bowmans mem
Corneal stroma
Descement's membrane
Corneal endothelium-single layer of cells

Question 11

Lamina cribosa associated with what layer of the eye?

Answer 11

Sclera

perforated disc of the sclera

Question 12

What is the vascular tunic?

Answer 12

Choroid
CIliary body
Iris

Question 13

Fibrous tunic?

Answer 13

Sclera

Cornea

Question 14

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epi with free nerve ending is characteristic of what?

Answer 14

Corneal epithelium

Question 15

Loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers with high vascularity is characteristic of what ?

Answer 15

Sclera

Question 16

The sensory layer of the ciliary body produces aqueous humor. This fluid is secreted into what chamber first?

Answer 16

Posterior chamber

Question 17

Randomly arranged collagen fibers and an acellular layer separating the stroma from epithelium is characteristic of what layer in the cornea?

Answer 17

Bowman’s membrane

Question 18

What layer of the corrnea has an acellular layer of collagen bundles, and separates the stroma from endothelium?

Answer 18

Descemet’s membrane

Question 19

What does the vitreal chamber contain?

Answer 19

Vitreous body

Question 20

What does the canal of schlemm do?

Answer 20

Reabsorbs the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber

Question 21

What structure participates in the formation of endolymph in the scala media?

Answer 21

Stria vascularis

Question 22

Endolymph is found where?

Answer 22

Ampullae of semi circular canals

Question 23

Where is perilymph found?

Answer 23

Scala vestibuli and scala tympani

Question 24

What structure attaches over the oval window?

Answer 24

Stapes

opens into the scala vestibuli

Question 25

What attaches to the tympanic membrane?

Answer 25

Malleus

Question 26

The helicotrema connects what two compartments?

Answer 26

Scala vestibuli and scala tympani

Question 27

Otoliths are found associated with what structues?

Answer 27

Macula of the utricle and saccule- hair cells in contact with afferent nerve ends

Question 28

Where is the cupula found and what is it?

Answer 28

Cristae Ampullares of the Semicircular duct, and it is a gelatinous layer similar to otolithic membrane but without the otoliths

Question 29

Non photosensitive area of retina lies anterior to what landmark?

Answer 29

Ora serrata

Question 30

What is the ora serrata?

Answer 30

Part of the retina divides into photosensitive and non photosensitive layers. Photosensitive is largest and posterior to ora serrata

Question 31

What is the junction between the sclera and cornea?

Answer 31

Limbus

Question 32

What layer of the retina is formed by cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and mueller cells?

Answer 32

Inner nuclear layer

Question 33

What forms the outer plexiform layer?

Answer 33

Synapses between axons of rods and cones and dendrites of bipolar neurons and horizontal cells

Question 34

What forms the inner plexiform layer?

Answer 34

Synapses between axons of bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglion cells

Question 35

What characteristic would apply to secondary lymphoid nodules but not primary?

Answer 35

Germinal center

Question 36

HIV binds to CD4 antigens, what type of lymphocytes would be most directly affected by this virus?

Answer 36

Helper T cells

Question 37

What cells would be most affected if CD8 antigens were mutated?

Answer 37

Cytolytic T cells

Question 38

What kind of cell releases tumor necrosis factor acting as a NK cell?

Answer 38

CD16

Question 39

If a child is exposed to measles and comes down with the infection what kind of immunity will the child develop?

Answer 39

Active acquired immunity

Question 40

What kind of immunity is gained by a mother passing antibodies along through the placenta?

Answer 40

Passive immunity

Question 41

Coughing when swallowing wrong, or mucus trapping foreign particles, or stomach acid are all examples of what kind of immunity?

Answer 41

Innate

Question 42

What is the first type of antibody expressed by developing B cells?

Answer 42

IgM

Question 43

What antibody is responsible for most antibody activity?

Answer 43

IgG

Question 44

What antibody is associated with allergic responses?

Answer 44

IgE

Question 45

What antibody is found on surface of B cells traveling to lymphoid organs?

Answer 45

IgD

Question 46

What structure serves as the entry point for circulating lymphocytes and the lymph node?

Answer 46

High endothelial venules

Question 47

Double negative T cells which lack CD4 and CD8 receptors proliferate in what area of thymus?

Answer 47

Subcapsular space

Question 48

In the hilus of a lymph node where do afferent lymphatic vessels enter?

Answer 48

The convex side

Question 49

Where do efferent lymphatic vessels and arteries and veins enter and leave the lymph node?

Answer 49

through the hilus

Question 50

Hassall's corpuscles are characteristic of what area?

Answer 50

Thymus medulla

Question 51

Cords of Billroth are associated with what?

Answer 51

Red pulp of spleen

Question 52

What sequence describes the flow of RBC's through the spleen?

Answer 52

Splenic artery, Trabecular arteries, Central arteries, penicillus, venous sinuses

Question 53

Which of the following cell types associated with merocrine sweat glands secrete water and electrolytes?

Answer 53

Basal cells

Question 54

What sweat glands have ducts that open into eyelash follicles?

Answer 54

Glands of Moll

Question 55

What are sebaceous glands associated with eyelids?

Answer 55

Glands of Zeiss

Question 56

Odorant binding proteins are produced by?

Answer 56

Bowmans glands

Question 57

The specific type of epithelium covering true vocal folds is?

Answer 57

Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium

Question 58

What epithelium covers vestibular folds?

Answer 58

Psuedostratified ciliated epithelium and stratified squamous

Question 59

What epithelium covers the lingual surface of the epiglottis?

Answer 59

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 60

What covers the pharyngeal surface of the epiglottis?

Answer 60

Psuedostratified ciliated eipthelium

Question 61

What describes the olfactory mucosa?

Answer 61

PSCE lacking goblet cells with no basement membrane

Question 62

The palpebral conjunctiva has what kind of epithelium?

Answer 62

Stratified Columnar or squamous with goblet cells

Question 63

What is not necessary part of the respiratory membrane? a. pneumocyte I b. basal lamina of pneumocyte I c. dust cells d. endothelial cells

Answer 63

Dust cells

Question 64

What is a characteristic of an arteriole?

Answer 64

Thick tunica media in relation to the size of the lumen

Question 65

What tunic is missing in arterioles?

Answer 65

Adventitia

Question 66

Where can subendothelial CT (part of tunica intima) be found?

Answer 66

all elastic and muscular arteries and some arterioles

Question 67

In a healthy person where would you expect erythrophagocytosis to be occuring?

Answer 67

Cord of billroth in the spleen

Question 68

What has large amounts of elastic fibers in the tunica media?

Answer 68

elastic arteries

Question 69

What type of artery is considered distributing?

Answer 69

Muscular

Question 70

What are the elastic arteries?

Answer 70

aorta pulmonary trunk branches of aorta

Question 71

The simple cuboidal epithelium of this portion of the kidney tubule is composed of cells in the form of truncated pyramids which are characterized by basal striations that mark the location of mitochondria.

Answer 71

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 72

Thick segments of the loop of Henle are made of what kind of epithelium?

Answer 72

Simple low cuboidal

Question 73

Thin segments of loop of henle are made of?

Answer 73

simple squamous epithelium

Question 74

What limb is impermeable to water?

Answer 74

ascending

Question 75

What epithelium lines distal convoluted tubules?

Answer 75

Simple cuboidal larger lumen than PCT NO brush border, less eosinophillic

Question 76

What cells secrete renin?

Answer 76

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 77

What cells respond to changes in sodium and chloride concentrations, signals the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin, and regulate fluid electrolyte balance and blood pressure?

Answer 77

Macula Densa

Question 78

What is the mesangium and mesangial cells?

Answer 78

Mesangium is part of the glomerulus and formed by mesangial cells

Question 79

What is not a characteristic of bronchioles? a. absence of cartilage b. seromucous glands c. sparse goblet cells d. smooth muscle e. ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 79

Seromucous glands

Question 80

Nonphotosensitive region is anterior to the ora serrata and consists of two cell layers covering what?

Answer 80

Iris ciliary body and ciliary processes

Question 81

What area on photosensitive cells has mitochondria and other organelles?

Answer 81

Inner segment

Question 82

What part of a photosensitive pigment contains nucleus and short axon?

Answer 82

Cell body

Question 83

In photosensitive cells what has discs that stay attached to membrane?

Answer 83

Cones

Question 84

Photosensitive area of retina lies posterior to what?

Answer 84

Ora serrata

Question 85

What has the cell bodies of rods and cones (1st order neurons)?

Answer 85

Outer nuclear layer

Question 86

What has the cell bodies of bipolar cells (2nd order) horizontal cells amacrine cells and mueller cells?

Answer 86

Inner nuclear layer

Question 87

What is the area of synapses between bipolar cell axons and dendrites of ganglion c ells?

Answer 87

inner plexiform layer