Test Two: Tetracyclines

Question 0

Why can’t you consume dairy products when taking tetracycline?

Answer 0

Calcium will bind to drug making them both useless

Question 1

Tetracycline spectrum and mechanism of action

Answer 1

Very broad spectrum, binds to 30s subunit–bacteriostatic

Question 2

Uses of tetracyclines

Answer 2

Rickettsial and chlamydial infections
Acne
Upper respiratory tract infxn
Periodontitis

Question 3

Tetracycline side effects

Answer 3

Phototoxicity, tooth discoloration, hepatotoxicity

Question 4

Who is contraindicated with tetracyclines

Answer 4

Pregnant women, kids under 8, and pts with severe liver disease

Question 5

Aminoglycosides mechanism of action and use

Answer 5

Bactericidal, inhibits 30s subunit, mainly gram- but works synergistically with beta lactams

Question 6

Aminoglycoside side effects

Answer 6

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade

Question 7

Sulfonamide use and mechanism of action

Answer 7

Used for Pneumonia, bronchitis, UTI, genitourinary
tract infection, traveler’s diarrhea. Works synergistically with trimethoprim to block dna synthesis. Sulfonamides are PABA analogues and trimethoprim blocks dihydrofolic acid

Question 8

Topical antibiotics

Answer 8

Bacitracin, neomycin, polymixin B

Question 9

Tx of tuberculosis

Answer 9

1- Isoniazid
2- Rifampin
3- Pyrazinamide
4- Etambutol
5- Streptomycin

Question 10

Tx of leprosy

Answer 10

Dapsone

Question 11

Fluoroquinolones consist of

Answer 11

Fluorine derivatives of nalidixic acid

Question 12

Fluoroq mechanism of action

Answer 12

Blocks dna replication by inhibiting dna gyrase/ topoisomerase II which prevents supercoiling

Question 13

What are the commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones and what are they used for?

Answer 13

Ciprofloxacin (250-500 bid) and levaquin (250-700 qd) used for UTIs, stds, respiratory tract infxns, bone and joint infxns, and GI infxns

Question 14

Spectrum for fluoroquinolones and dosage

Answer 14

Wide spectrum including pseudomonas and staph (MRSA), 250-750 bid (long half life)

Question 15

Which drugs should be taken with caution with fluoroquinolones?

Answer 15

Theophylline and NSAIDs can cause CNS toxicity like seizures or delirium
Caution with antiarrhythmic drugs bc can cause arrhythmias
Cimetidine inhibits microsomal enzymes which could increase levels of quinolones