TEST TWO Various Questions

Question 1

A diploid cell has_______ the number of chromosomes as
a haploid cell.

Answer 1

Twice

Question 1

An organism’s traits are determined by the specific
combination of inherited _____.

Answer 1

genes

Question 2

The first level of DNA organization in a eukaryotic cell is
maintained by which molecule?

Answer 2

Histones

Question 3

Identical copies of chromatin held together by cohesin at
the centromere are called _____.

Answer 3

sister chromatids

Question 4

Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of the
cell cycle?

Answer 4

S phase

Question 5

The mitotic spindles arise from which cell structure?

Answer 5

Centrosome

Question 6

Attachment of the mitotic spindle fibers to the
kinetochores is a characteristic of which stage of
mitosis?

Answer 6

Metaphase

Question 7

Separation of the sister chromatids is a characteristic of
which stage of mitosis?

Answer 7

Anaphase

Question 8

The chromosomes become visible under a light
microscope during which stage of mitosis?

Answer 8

Prophase

Question 9

4. The fusing of Golgi vesicles at the metaphase plate of
   dividing plant cells forms what structure?

Answer 9

Cell plate

Question 10

At which of the cell-cycle checkpoints do external forces
have the greatest influence?

Answer 10

G1

Question 11

What is the main prerequisite for clearance at the G2
checkpoint?

Answer 11

Accurate and complete DNA replication

Question 12

If the M checkpoint is not cleared, what stage of mitosis
will be blocked?

Answer 12

Anaphase

Question 13

Which protein is a positive regulator that
phosphorylates other proteins when activated?

Answer 13

cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)

Question 14

Many of the negative regulator proteins of the cell cycle
were discovered in what type of cells?

Answer 14

cancer cells

Question 15

Which negative regulatory molecule can trigger cell
suicide (apoptosis) if vital cell cycle events do not occur?

Answer 15

p53

Question 16

__________ are changes to the order of nucleotides in a
segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

Answer 16

Gene mutations

Question 17

A gene that codes for a positive cell-cycle regulator is
called a(n) _____.

Answer 17

proto-oncogene

Question 18

A mutated gene that codes for an altered version of Cdk
that is active in the absence of cyclin is a(n) _____.

Answer 18

oncogene

Question 19

Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in binary
fission?

Answer 19

karyonesis

Question 20

FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a _______ that will
eventually form the new cell walls of the daughter cells.

Answer 20

septum

Question 21

Meiosis usually produces ________ daughter cells.

Answer 21

Four haploid

Question 22

What structure is most important in forming the tetrads?

Answer 22

synaptonemal complex

Question 23

At which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated
from each other?

Answer 23

Anaphase II

Question 24

At metaphase I, homologous chromosomes are connected only at what structures?

Answer 24

chiasmata

Question 25

What phase of mitotic interphase is missing from meiotic interkinesis?

Answer 25

S phase

Question 26

The part of meiosis that is similar to mitosis is ________.

Answer 26

Meiosis II

Question 27

Which statement best describes the genetic content of the two daughter cells in prophase II of meiosis?

Answer 27

Haploid with two copies of each gene

Question 28

How do telophase I and telophase II differ during meiosis in animal cells?

Answer 28

Cells remain diploid at the end of telophase I, but are haploid at the end of telophase II.

Question 29

4. Which type of life cycle has both a haploid and diploid multicellular stage?

Answer 29

Alternation of generations

Question 30

What is the ploidy of the most conspicuous form of most fungi?

Answer 30

haploid

Question 31

Imagine you are performing a cross involving seed color in garden pea plants. What F1 offspring would you expect if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds? Yellow seed color is dominant over green.

Answer 31

100% yellow

Question 32

A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are ________ for that trait.

Answer 32

Homozygous

Question 33

If black and white true-breeding mice are mated and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of?

Answer 33

Incomplete dominance

Question 34

A farmer raises black and white chickens. To his surprise, when the first generation of eggs hatch all the chickens are black with white speckles throughout their feathers. What should the farmer expect when the eggs laid after interbreeding the speckled chickens hatch?

Answer 34

All offspring will be speckled

Question 35

The first suggestion that chromosomes may physically exchange segments came from the microscopic identification of ________.

Answer 35

Chiasmata

Question 36

Which recombination frequency corresponds to independent assortment and the absence of linkage?

Answer 36

.50

Question 37

Which recombination frequency corresponds to perfect linkage and violates the law of independent assortment?

Answer 37

0

Question 38

Which of the following codes describes position 12 on the long arm of chromosome 13?

Answer 38

13q12

Question 39

In agriculture, polyploid crops (like coffee, strawberries, or bananas) tend to produce ________.

Answer 39

Larger yields

Question 40

The genotype XXY corresponds to

Answer 40

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 41

Abnormalities in the number of X chromosomes tends to have milder phenotypic effects than the same abnormalities in autosomes because of ________.

Answer 41

X inactivation

Question 42

By definition, a pericentric inversion includes the ________.

Answer 42

centromere

Question 43

How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?

Answer 43

36

Question 44

The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters are called consensus sequences because ________.

Answer 44

Similar in all bacterial species

Question 45

Which feature of promoters can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 45

TATA box

Question 46

How do enhancers and promoters differ?

Answer 46

Enhancers increase the efficiency of gene expression, but are not essential for transcription. Promoter recognition is essential to transcription initiation.

Question 47

The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the ________.

Answer 47

nucleolus