Testing and Individual Differences

Question 1

Constructs

Answer 1

Hypothetical abstractions related to behavior and defined by groups of objects or events.

Question 2

Standardization

Answer 2

Two part test development procedure. First establishes test norms from the test results from of the large representative sample and then ensures that the test is both administered and scored uniformly for all.

Question 3

Norms

Answer 3

Standards used to compare scores of test takers.

Question 4

Reliability

Answer 4

Consistency of results over time. Methods of measurement include retest, split half, alternate form.

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

Test measures what it is supposed to measure. Methods include face, content, predictive, construct.

Question 6

Psychometricians

Answer 6

Focus on methods for acquiring and analyzing psychological data. Measure mental traits, abilities, and processes.

Question 7

Performance tests

Answer 7

Test taker knows how to respond to questions and tries to succeed.

Question 8

Speed tests

Answer 8

Large number of relatively easy items in limited test period.

Question 9

Power tests

Answer 9

Items of varying difficulty with adequate test period.

Question 10

Aptitude tests

Answer 10

Assess person’s capacity to learn, predict future performance.

Question 11

Group tests

Answer 11

Tests many people at one time; test taker works alone. Cheaper, more objective.

Question 12

Individualized tests

Answer 12

Interaction of one examiner with one test taker. Expensive. Subjective grading.

Question 13

Reification

Answer 13

Construct treated as a concrete, tangible object.

Question 14

Intelligence

Answer 14

Aggregate or global capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment.

Question 15

Intellectual disability

Answer 15

Range from mild to severe for those who score at or below 70 on IQ tests
Mild = (85%) can self care/hold a job/family
Moderate = (10%) May self care/function in group home.
Severe =(3-4%) require care/no social skills
Profound = (1-2%) require complete custodial care.

Question 16

Factor Analysis

Answer 16

A statistical procedure that identifies common factors among groups of items by determining which variables have high degree of correlation.

Question 17

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 17

Those cognitive abilities requiring speed or rapid learning that tend to diminish over time.

Question 18

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 18

Learned knowledge and skills, such as vocab, which tend to increase with age.

Question 19

Multiple Intelligences

Answer 19

Howard Gardner’s theory that people process info differently and intelligence is composed of many different factors

Question 20

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 20

The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions

Question 21

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Answer 21

Robert Sternberg’s idea of 3 separate and testable intelligences; analytical, practical, and creative.

Question 22

Flynn Effect

Answer 22

Steady increase in performance on IQ tests over the last 80 yrs. possibly resulting from better nutrition, educational opportunities, and health care.