Testis Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the 4 testicular appendages?
- Appendix testes - hydratid of morgagni
- Paraepididymis - organ of giraldes
- Vasa abberantia
- Appendix epididymis - pedunculated hydratid
How many testicular appendages are there?
4
What age group is torsion of an appendage common in?
< 11
Which lymphadenopathy occurs in testicular teratoma?
Para-aortic
What cells secrete testosterone ?
Interstitial cells of the testes - LEYDIG cells
What stimulates testosterone secretion?
LH
What androgen is responsible for the development of external genitalia in the fetal stage?
Dihydrotestosterone
What androgen is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty?
Dihydrotestosterone
What is the chemotherapeutic treatment of testicular teratoma?
- Bleomycin
- Etoposide
- Cisplatinum
Testicular cancer
- 15-35
- 7/100000
- 5% bilateral
- History of undecended testis x10 increase risk
- 95% germ cell tumours
- Stromal tumours
Seminomas
50% of germ cell tumours
30’s
Sheets of clear cells
Maldecended testis
Alfa feto protein
NSGCT
Beta HCG
- NSGCT ( all choriocarcinoma elements, 40-60% containing embryonal elements)
- 5-10% of pure seminomas
Placental alkaline phosphatase
65% of seminomas
LDH
Seminomas
NSGCT
Staging of testicular cancer
Tis - intratubular germ cell neoplasia
T1 - limited to testis/epididymis without vascular/lymphatic invasion or tumour may invade tunica albuginea but not tunica vaginalis
T2 - limited to testis/epididymis with vascular/lymphatic invasion or tumour extends through tunica albuginea with involvement of tunica vaginalis
T3 - invades semantic cord with or without vascular/lymphatic invasion
T4 - invades scrotum with or without vascular/lymphatic involvement
Lymphoma of testis
60-70
Often bilateral
