Tests for Ions Flashcards by Ollie Tubb

Q

What Ions do you test for with a flame test?

A

Ca(+) Cu(2+) Ba(2+) Li(+) K(+) Na(+)

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Q

How do you do a flame test?

A

Clean wire loop in HCl then rinse the water
Dip in sample solution
Hold loop over the flame

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Q

Flame test:

Ca(+)

A

Red

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Q

Flame test:

Cu(2+)

A

Blue / Green

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Q

Flame test:

Ba(2+)

A

Pale Green

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Q

Flame test:

Li(+)

A

Crimson

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Q

Flame test:

K(+)

A

Lilac

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Q

Flame test:

Na(+)

A

Yellow

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Q

What are Precipitation Reactions with Sodium Hydroxide?

A

Metal Chloride + Sodium Hydroxide –> Metal Hydroxide + Sodium Chloride

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Q

What ions can you test for with Sodium Hydroxide?

A

Fe(2+) Fe(3+) Cu(3+) Ca(2+) Mg(2+) Al(3+)

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Q

Precipitates with Sodium Hydroxide:

Fe(2+)

A

Green

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Q

Precipitates with Sodium Hydroxide:

Fe(3+)

A

Blue

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Q

Precipitates with Sodium Hydroxide:

Cu(3+)

A

Brown

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Q

Precipitates with Sodium Hydroxide:

Ca(2+)

A

White

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Q

Precipitates with Sodium Hydroxide:

Mg(2+)

A

White

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Q

Precipitates with Sodium Hydroxide:

Al(3+)

A

White but DISSOLVES in excess

Q

Testing for Halide ions with displacement reactions

A

Add either Cl(-), Br(-), I(-) to a solution of KCl, KBr, KI

Q

In KCl, KBr, KI precipitate is:

Cl(-)

A

KCl - Nonexistent KBr - Orange KI - Red/Brown

Q

In KCl, KBr, KI precipitate is:

Br(-)

A

KCl - Orange KBr - Nonexistent KI - Red/Brown

Q

In KCl, KBr, KI precipitate is:

I(-)

A

KCl - Red/Brown KBr - Red/Brown KI - Nonexistent

Q

How does the Silver Nitrate test work?

A

Add Nitric acid HNO(3)
Add Silver Nitrate AgNO(3)
Add Ammonium NH(3)

Q

What ions does the Silver Nitrate test for?

A

Cl(-), Br(-), I(-)

Q

Cl (-)
Before Silver Nitrate:
After Silver Nitrate:
After Ammonium:

A

Before Silver Nitrate: Clear Colourless
After Silver Nitrate: White ppt.
After Ammonium: Ppt. dissolves

Q

Br(-)
Before Silver Nitrate:
After Silver Nitrate:
After Ammonium:

A

Before Silver Nitrate: Clear Colourless
After Silver Nitrate: Pale Cream ppt.
After Ammonium: Ppt. dissolves in concentrate

Before Silver Nitrate: After Silver Nitrate: After Ammonium:

Before Silver Nitrate:Clear Colourless After Silver Nitrate: Pale yellow ppt. After Ammonium: Insoluble

How do you test for Sulfate ions?

``` Add few drops of HCl Add BaCl(2) ```

What is formed if Sulfate ions present?

White ppt.

How do you test for Carbonate ions?

Add dilute HCl Collect gas Run gas through limewater If cloudy, Carbonate ions present