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Biology > Tetrapoda Group > Flashcards

Tetrapoda Group Flashcards

1
Q

The Group Tetrapoda is divided into these classes: _______

A

Class Amphibia, Class Reptilia, Class Aves, and Class mammalia

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2
Q

Class Amphibia have _________ hearts

A

3 chambered

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3
Q

What do Amphibians primarily use for gas exchange?

A

Lungs and moist skin

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4
Q

Amphibians exhibit what type of fertilization?

A

Mostly external and binds most of them to the water for reproduction

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5
Q

Some amphibians have a unique method of reproducing with a structure called _______

A

Spermatophores. (packets of sperm layed by males and picked up by females)

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6
Q

Amphibians have _______ thermoregulation

A

ectothermic

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7
Q

Some _____ in Class Amphibia exhibit neoteny

A

Salamanders

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8
Q

Class amphibia is divided into orders _______.

What do they include?

A

Order Anura (frogs/toads), Order Urodela (salamanders, newts), and Order Apoda (legless aphibians)

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9
Q

Newts are like slamanders but with _______

A

keeled or oar-like tail

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10
Q

Describe difference in frogs and toads.

A

frogs have moist skin and toads have bumpy skin

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11
Q

What are the ectothermic classes of Subphylum Craniata? The Endothermic classes?

A

Ecto- are Amphibia and reptilian. Endo- are Aves and Mammalia

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12
Q

What are amniotes?

A

Amniotes are a clade that consists of animals that have amniotic eggs.

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13
Q

what is an amniotic egg?

A

Amniotic eggs are eggs that contain membranes called extraembryonic membranes that protect the embryo

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14
Q

What are the extraembryonic membranes?

A

The amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.

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15
Q

what classes are considered amniotes?

A

Class Reptilia, Class Aves, and Class Mammalia

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16
Q

What Class has 3 chambered hearts

A

Amphibia and most of Class Reptilia

17
Q

What member of reptilian does not have 3 chambered heart. what does it have

A

Crocodiles, 4 chambered hearts

18
Q

Why are reptiles scales almost waterproof?

A

they are keratinized

19
Q

What classes have ribcages?

A

Reptilia, aves and mammalia

20
Q

Reptiles have ______ fertilization

A

internal

21
Q

In reptilian reproduction, what do males have that is not seen in anything up to this point?

A

a penis

22
Q

What are the orders of reptiles? what do they include?

A

Chelonia (turtles and Tortoises, Rhychocephalia (“tuatara”), Squamata (lizards and snakes) and Crocodilia (Crocodiles, aligators, and gavials)

23
Q

Rhychocephalia have what unique feature?

A

third eye on top of head

24
Q

What were the first reptiles to “emerge”

A

Parareptiles - short stocky dinosaurs

25
Q

lepidosaurs include _________

A

tuataras, lizards, snakes, and extinct mososaurs

26
Q

Archosaurs led to _____

A

the crocodilians, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs

27
Q

Class aves arose from ______

A

Thecodonts

28
Q

Class aves ______ hearts. What else have these?

A

4 chambered, Mammalia

29
Q

What are air sacs?

A

organs that provide higher efficiency for gas exchange

30
Q

What characteristics to birds share with reptiles?

A

scales, and amniotic egg

31
Q

Class Mammalia arose from _______

A

Therapsids

32
Q

Mammalian hair is made of ________

A

Keratin

33
Q

What are other difining characteristics of mammals

A

Mammary glands, Sweat glands, Tooth Differentiation, Muscular Diaphragm, 3 ossicle of middle ear

34
Q

What are the ossicles in mammalia?

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

35
Q

What are the three groupings of mammals?

A

Monotremes, Marsupials, Placentals

36
Q

What are monotremes?

A

“primitive” animals that lay eggs

37
Q

Marsupials?

A

Give birth but offspring must climb up to pouch for complete development

38
Q

Placentals

A

Advanced mammals, mother nourishes embryo via placenta

39
Q

Characteristics of Humans

A

Bipedal locomotion, reduced jawbones and jaw muscles, shorter digestive tracts.

Biology (15 decks)

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