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Question 1

What brain part produces semmantic memory ?

Answer 1

• cerebral cortex

Question 2

What brain part produces episodic memory ?

Answer 2

• hippocampus

Question 3

What is the function of the association cortex ?

Answer 3

• brings all kind of infomation together

- Example: links word with visual picture and with how to pronounce

Question 4

What does agnosia stand for ?

Answer 4

• not knowing

Question 5

What does associative visual agnosia mean ?

Answer 5

• difficulty recognizing and naming objects, even though they can “see” the objects

Question 6

What does auditory agnosia mean ?

Answer 6

• They can hear but do not understand

Question 7

What does tactile agnosia mean ?

Answer 7

• able to recognize an object by sight or description but not by feel if it is placed in their hands

Question 8

What is so special regarding semantic knowledge ? (and is it true) ?

Answer 8

• you have special regions in the brain so that coritcal lesion can destroy knowledge for a particular kind of object
• > No it is not true you rather have 3 regions:” function vision and hearing”

Question 9

What is known about H.M ?

Answer 9

• epileptic patient coast by damage in the medial temporal lobe (hippocampus and amygdala)
• removed part of temporal lobe -> coast anterograde amnesia in particular unable to form episodic memory and semantic memory

Question 10

What is equivalent to the hippocampus regarding animals ?

Answer 10

• bippocampal region

Question 11

What does semantic memory stand for ?

Answer 11

• general knowledge

Question 12

What does episodic memory mean ?

Answer 12

• unique knowledge regarding personal events

Question 13

What does anterograde amnesia mean ?

Answer 13

• can not form new memory after the event

Question 14

What does retrograde amnesia mean ?

Answer 14

• is a loss of memory-access to events that occurred, or information that was learned, before an injury

Question 15

What is the function of the hippocampus (in depth) ?

Answer 15

• encodes retain and retrieve info when needed

- bind together memory of objects (such as words) with spatial and temporal context

Question 16

What is the structure of the basel ganglia ?

Answer 16

• caudate , putamen globus pallidus and amygdala

Question 17

What is the function of the basel ganglia ?

Answer 17

The basal ganglia are associated with control of voluntary motor movements, habit learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotions

Question 18

What is the function if the amygdala ?

Answer 18

• The amygdala is responsible for the perception of emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness

Question 19

What is the function of the limbic system ?

Answer 19

• controls emotion, memories and arousal

Question 20

How can someone determine if something is remembered ?

Answer 20

• because then the hippocampus shows greater activity

Question 21

How are words in comparison to pictures stored ?

Answer 21

• Words = only show a major activtaion in the left medial temporal loe
• pictures show an activation in bothe medial temporal lobe

Question 22

What does ribot gradient mean ?

Answer 22

= memories that are really old will not be forgotten as easily as recent stored memory

Question 23

What does the consolidation period stand for ?

Answer 23

• is a period during which new memories are especially vulnerable to disruption
• when memories are needed then they need to be retrieved = consolidation period

Question 24

What is the standard consolidation theory?

Answer 24

• the contribution of the hippocampus is not needed forever regarding storgae retrieving
• After a while only cortex is needed
• > only regarding episodic memory

Question 25

What is the multiple memory trace theory?

Answer 25

- hippocmapus is needed - memories are never fully independent - prrof would be full retrograde amnesia - > Episodic memory can become semantic memories

Question 26

What is one of the main function of the prefrontal cortex regarding the hippocampus ?

Answer 26

- suppresses hippocampal activity, inhibiting storage and retrieval of “unwanted” memories - also knows where and when memory was stored

Question 27

What major structures are also involved regarding semantic and episodic memory ?

Answer 27

- Diencephalon = communication between the hippocampus and the cortex - basel forebrain = regulation of hippocampical processing

Question 28

What is meant by the korsakoff disease ?

Answer 28

- damage in thalamus due to lack of thiamine because of alchol abuse -> leads to anterograde amnesia

Question 29

What happens when u touch part of the parietal, occipital and temporal lobe ?

Answer 29

1 Parital = tiggeling 2 Occipital = short flash 3. temporal = hearing a buzzing

Question 30

What is the cause of associative visaul agnosia ?

Answer 30

- inferior temporal lobe damage

Question 31

What is the cause of auditory agnosia ?

Answer 31

- superior temporal lobe damage

Question 32

What is the cause of tactile agnosia ?

Answer 32

- parital lobe damage

Question 33

What study prooves if someone has anterograde amnesia ?

Answer 33

- radial arm maze study

Question 34

Why can the hippocampus being fooled ? And what kind of solution was offered ?

Answer 34

- cause great activity is also shown in theme words which are completly novel ! - region behind hippocampus responds only to true remembered objects

Question 35

What occurs more often anterograde amnesia or retrograde amnesia ?

Answer 35

- a weak combination of both