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Geog320Crtgphy > Text > Flashcards

Text Flashcards

(40 cards)

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1
Q

What are 6 major design criteria to consider with text?

A
  • Presence vs Absence
  • Style (fonts and lettering)
  • Form
  • Size
  • Colour
  • Placement
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2
Q

What is the most time consuming part of cartography?

A

Text and lettering

- Very detail oriented

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3
Q

What is an integral part of any map?

A

Text and lettering

- It is there to be seen and read

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4
Q

What are some issues to be considered with text on a map?

A
  • Can crowd and complicate
  • Can negate hard work on the rest of the map details
  • Labels can be redundant in some cases
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5
Q

4 important words for type vocabulary

A
  • Type Family (Times, Arial, Brush, etc)
  • Type Style (regular, bold, italic)
  • Typeface
  • Type Size (12 vs. 16)
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6
Q

Why is font important on a map?

A
  • Clarity
  • Style matching
  • Legibility
  • Fonts have personality
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7
Q

What are 3 typeface classifications?

A
  • Old Style/ Classic (thick hairlines, blunt serifs)
  • Transitional (Thin hairlines, rounded serifs)
  • Modern (Thin hairlines, straight serifs)
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8
Q

What are 5 case types?

A
  • UPPERCASE
  • lowercase
  • Title Case
  • Sentence case
  • Small Caps (all upper case but sized like lower case)
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9
Q

What are 2 Style types?

A
  • Avec Serif

- Sans Serif

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10
Q

Why is the Old Style typeface thick?

A
  • Needed width and magnitude for type setting to hold ink

- New printing technology has transitioned to thinner and straighter typefaces

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11
Q

What kind of typeface has a ‘Power’ personality?

A

Bold sans serifs

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12
Q

What kind of typeface has a ‘Grace’ personality?

A

Italics

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13
Q

What kind of typeface has a ‘Precision’ personality?

A

New san serifs

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14
Q

What kind of typeface has a ‘Dignity’ personality?

A

OldStyle

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15
Q

What are form variations within a style?

A
  • Upper vs. lower case
  • Upright vs. italic
  • Bold
  • Shadowing
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16
Q

What is Upper case used for?

A
  • Important and large things
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17
Q

What text form is used for water features?

Study These Flashcards
A

Italics because it implies flow and grace, nature of movement

18
Q

What text form is used for human constructions?

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A
  • Upright, not italics
19
Q

What is the smallest recognizable font?

20
Q

How is font measured?

Study These Flashcards
A

Point size

- 1 point = 1/72” or 0.35mm

21
Q

What should the size difference between fonts be?

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A

25% to make differences clear

- Size relates to importance or magnitude

22
Q

Nomograph

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A

Shows the relationship between size and legibility from a distance

  • Like an eye doctor test
  • Font sizes can be chosen based on how far away the viewer is expected to be (wall, sign, etc.)
23
Q

What are some common spacing issues with words?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Double OO’s cramps
  • Strong verticals (NINE) cramp
  • O, A, J, L, P, T, V, and W can look like holes in a word
  • TH can be improved by increasing space between T and H
24
Q

Typesetting

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A
  • Very laborious and highly skilled occupation

- Now automated by computer

25
Kerning
- Process of adjusting spacing between characters in a proportional font - Usually to achieve a visually pleasing result
26
Placement Guidelines
- Letters sit on top of things - Letters follow linear features - Spread letters out to show extent of features - Make letters bend to overall shapes - Letters should float above surface if labelling points
27
What is the number one spot for labelling points?
- Upper right
28
What are the preferred placement spots from 1 - 8 around a point?
1) Upper Right 2) Upper Left 3) Lower Right 4) Lower Left 5) Right 6) Left 7) Up and a bit left 8) Down and a bit right
29
What are some of the main factors to consider for text?
- Legibility (easy to read) - Perceptibility (lettering stands out) - Harmony (# and type of styles not clashing) - Search Time - Suitability for production/reproduction
30
What size should sources be on a map?
Between 6-8 point font
31
What was something Eduard Imhof invented?
- Cross-hatching to give Atlas 3D effect
32
Why should suitability for reproduction be considered?
- How does the map print - How does it look on screen - Might not be good for both
33
Why should harmony be considered?
- Do the styles compliment one another? - Is there too many fonts? - Keep number of fonts limited and differentiate with style (bold, italics) and size
34
Why should Search time be considered?
- Can the words easily be found and are they in the right spot
35
Why should perceptibility be considered?
- Do the words stand out against the background (black on white better than white on black - expensive ink)
36
What are some considerations for type (Imhof)?
- Graphic structure - Type Style - Type Size - Type Appearance - Type Colour - Association of type with object - Type Style for each class of objects - Type Arrangement - Type Position - Actually placing of the type
37
What is a rule emphasized by Imhof?
No rule without Exception - Often 2 rules stand in opposition - Each case is individually considered
38
What are some of Imhofs general principles?
- Legibility of text distinguishable from figure ground - Clear graphic association for object associated with text - Minimal disturbance to other map contents - Text hierarchy of objects by style and size - Names not dispersed or too dense
39
What are the 3 types of designations by Imhof?
- Position designations, or names for point-like objects and concepts - Linear designations, names for objects with linear or ribbon extent - Areal or surface designations
40
When placing text non-horizontal, how should the direction be placed?
- Clock-wise for reading legibility | - From right to left

Geog320Crtgphy (10 decks)

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