TEXT & ONLINE--Programming Flashcards by Karen Quigley Clark

Name the 4-step approach in which rec professionals engineer theory-based experiences directed at specific, targeted outcomes.

Outcome-Focused Programing (formally BBP)

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What are the 4 steps of Outcome-Focused Programming? (I-SAR)

(1) Identify target issues/outcomes
(2) (Intentionally) Structure program components
(3) Assess desired goals
(4) Realize/publicize impacts

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**According to Outcome-Focused Programming, what are 4 primary resources must be assessed before designing a program? (Friends Put Salad Together)

(1) Fiscal
(2) Physical
(3) Staff
(4) Technology

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In Outcome-Focused Programming, what are 4 types of FISCAL resources? (Friends Sell Many Fans)

(1) Financial
(2) Subsidies
(3) Market availability
(4) Financial flexibility (does program need to make $$?)

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In Outcome-Focused Programming, what are 3 types of PHYSICAL resources? (Amy Engineers Science)

(1) Area/facilities
(2) Equipment (qty/condition)
(3) Supplies (needed/available)

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In Outcome-Focused Programming, what are 2 types of STAFF resources?

(1) Staff availability

(2) Knowledge/skills/abilities

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In Outcome-Focused Programming, what 3 things need to be created after identifying available resources? (P-GO)

(1) Purpose
(2) Goals
(3) Objectives

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In Outcome-Focused Programming, objectives should address what 4 things? (ABCD)

(1) Audience (who)
(2) Behavior (what)
(3) Condition (how)
(4) Degree (when)

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Needs Assessments should consider what 5 things? (ADPSS)

(1) Agency resources
(2) Demographics
(3) Past programs/community attitudes
(4) Safety perceptions
(5) Suggestions/opinions

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What are 3 considerations when selecting a target population? (MAS)

(1) Measurability/identifiability
(2) Accessibility
(3) Sufficient size

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The method of achieving goals/objectives from the beginning to the end of a program is referred to as…

Program Flow

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Park/rec professionals should create programs based on what 3 factors? (CAF)

(1) Content (what activities?)
(2) Animate (sequence, leading to…)
(3) Flow (occurrence)

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Self-directed, special event, leagues, tournaments, clinics, classes, drop-ins, open hours, and clubs are all program ______.

Formats

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Reaching customers with differing needs, addressing program popularity, and catering to different skill levels are all benefits of offering the same program in different __________.

Formats

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T/F Separate services may not be offered for people with disabilities unless doing so is necessary for equal services

True

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T/F If separate services are offered for people with disabilities, individuals no longer have the option to participate in regular services

False

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Seasonal programs, needs assessment, and calendar awareness (schools, religious holidays, prominent target markets, etc.) should all be considered in WHAT stage of programming?

Scheduling

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Name 6 considerations when programming multiple facilities.

(1) Proximity to target market’s work/home
(2) Room size/amenities/equipment
(3) Facility priorities (and deadlines, or goes to next)
(4) Program noise levels (needed/generated)
(5) Blocking courses to start/end at same time
(6) Don’t schedule 2 courses for same target market simultaneously

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What are the 2 primary types of supervision used in program implementation?

(1) Specific Supervision (“Hands-on”)

(2) General Supervision

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**THIS type of supervision includes providing instruction, overseeing participant behavior, conducting safety inspections, and responding to emergencies.

Specific Supervision (“Hands-On”)

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**THIS type of supervision does NOT include activity instruction, but consists of observing program delivery and evaluating staff.

General Supervision

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What 2 items should be created to assist in the supervision of any special event?

(1) Work Plan

(2) Check List

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What are the 4 main purposes of a Work Plan for a special event?

(1) Manage tasks
(2) Generate timeline
(3) Create budget
(4) Prioritize tasks

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What is the main purposes of a Check List for a special event?

Provide a list of tasks to supervise

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What is the 1st step when programming for patrons with disabilities?

Assessment

Implementing the therapeutic rec process includes what 4 steps? (p. 132)

Assessment, Planning, Implementing, Evaluation (APIE)

What 3 types of info are gathered in the "Assessment" phase of APIE?

(1) Problems/needs (2) Individual's strengths/abilities (3) Client expectations

In Outcome-Focused Programming, facility quantity, design, location, and availability should all be considered when evaluating ______ resources.

Physical

In Outcome-Focused Programming, what are 2 considerations when using TECHNOLOGY resources?

(1) Technology availability | (2) Does is positively/negatively impact the program?

Program ________ ensures your program is a reflection of the agency mission/vision by identifying its rationale.

Purpose

Program _________ are GENERAL statements about what the agency wants to accomplish through the program.

Goals

What are the 2 types of program goals? Which is concerned with input and which with output?

(1) Management goals (input) | 2) Behavior goals (output

Program ______ are specific/measurable statements that help the program achieve desired goals; there are generally 2-4 of these per goal.

Objectives

When engaged in specific supervision, a park/rec professional is expected to provide what 4 services? (p. 119)

(1) Correct, competent instruction (2) Intervention to ensure participant safety (3) Safety inspections to remove obvious hazards (4) Response to traumatic events

When engaged in GENERAL supervision, the park/rec professional must achieve what 3 goals? (p. 120)

(1) Ensure program is actually conducted (2) Ensure program is delivered at the quality intended (3) Observation of program staff (for positive and constructive feedback)

Although each special event is unique, several common tasks should be included on almost every checklist. What are 2 common special event supervisory tasks? (p. 120)

(1) Ascertain location of equipment and signs (2) Check trash/restrooms frequently (3) Setup info/registration booth (4) Display permit (5) Post site map (6) Test communication equipment (7) Ensure all areas are staffed (8) Brief security/policy on key areas (e.g. 1st aid, lost kids headquarters) (9) Coordinate security for cash pickup (10) Secure sufficient cash box change (11) Supervise equipment delivery/setup (12) Supervise equipment/booth tear-down (13) Inspect site condition post-event (14) Maintain security until participants leave (15) Ensure trash pickup (16) Thank staff/volunteers/sponsors (17) Written eval and financial statement

**What element of a good objective is the following missing: "The participants will learn how to build a simple stained glass window using copper foil and solder." (p. 144)

Degree (when)

**Media advertisements should be purchased based on what 3 things? (p. 144)

(1) Ad cost (2) Target market (3) Product being advertised

**If there is a risk in an activity being led, what 3 options does the leader have? (p. 144)

(1) Eliminate risk (2) Reduce risk (3) Accept risk

**Give an ex. of a program management goal. (p. 144)

Tennis courts will be programmed 75% of the time from 8am-5pm

**THIS type of plan assesses participants for strengths and weaknesses resulting in specific program goals/objectives. (p. 144)

Individual participant plan

**A situational analysis required by a marketing plan involves what 4 elements? (p. 144)

(1) Strengths (2) Weaknesses (3) Opportunities (4) Threats

**You are responsible for scheduling a large rec center with 3 gyms and multiple classrooms. How do you decide what programs to put in each space when receiving competing requests? (p. 144)

Consult the established priority list for each room and for each hour of the day

**What are 3 suggested practices when developing an activity plan for a group of 50, 8 to 10 year-olds? (p. 144)

(1) Plan extra activities (2) Divide the group into smaller groups for activities (3) Write up the activity plan

Successful direct leadership utilizes what 3 phases? (p. 121)

(1) Preparation (2) Priming the Group (3) Delivery

THIS direct leadership phase involves creating a program plan with group composition, goals/objectives, risk management, environment, and activity type. (p. 121)

Preparation

THIS direct leadership phase consists of getting the group's attention with fun/experiential activities that prepare the group for the main activity; larger groups may be divided into smaller groups in this phase. (p. 121)

Priming the group

THIS direct leadership phase consists of introducing staff, activity, goals, and directions and facilitating the activity while implementing adaptations as needed. (p. 122)

Delivery

T/F An activity should always be stopped while participants are still having fun. (p. 122)

True

A _________ analyzes resources needed to operate a specific program to determine if the agency can support the program. (p. 122)

Resource assessment

What 3 domains of learning should you consider when selecting/leading age-appropriate activities? (p. 123)

(1) Psychomotor (2) Cognitive (3) Affective

THIS domain of learning are the participant's physical skills/movement abilities. (p. 123)

Psychomotor

A 3 year-old is developing gross and fine motor skills while a 25 year-old already has these well developed. This is an ex. of differing _______ abilities. (p. 123)

Psychomotor

Complex activities with extensive rules would best be experienced by adults rather than small children. This is an ex. of varying ______ abilities. (p. 123)

Cognitive

Adolescents are very connected to peer groups and take on the values/attitudes of them while older adults have already est. ______ skills and are not as tied to peer groups. (p. 123)

Affective

THIS is any form of paid communication through the media. (p. 124)

Advertising

Selecting media for advertising should be based on what 4 things? (p. 124)

(1) Target market (2) Product type (3) Cost (4) Message

THESE have a financial value to the customer and are used as a short-term method to stimulate product purchase. (p. 124)

Promotions

THESE include half-off admission, buy one/get one, prizes and giveaways. (p. 124)

Promotions

Orgs distribute THESE to the media; they containing info on upcoming events to garner positive publicity. (p. 124)

News releases

Newspaper feature stories, TV/radio announcements, or interviews with the media are all initiated with THIS. (p. 124)

News release

THESE are often the most-used source of info for the general public, thus must be kept current and user-friendly for all populations. (p. 124)

Websites

THIS provides a rationale for why the agency is developing a program and how it relates to the mission. (p. 125)

Purpose statement

"To provide a comprehensive athletic program for athletes with disabilities to teach and improve their skills and provide them the opportunity to participate in league and tournament play" is an ex. of what?

A purpose statement

"To secure sponsorship for the volleyball program to be offered free of charge" is an ex. of what type of goal? (p. 125)

Management goal

"To improve participants' knowledge of volleyball rules" is an ex. of what type of goal? (p. 125)

Behavioral goal

Currently, there is considerable interest in the field of ____ evaluation. (p. 126)

Outcome-based

What are the 2 primary types of evals used in the field of parks and rec? (p. 127)

Formative and summative

THESE evaluations are conducted *while* a program is being operated. (p. 127)

Formative

THESE evaluations are conducted at the end of a program to assess program outcomes and impact. (p. 127)

Summative

THIS is the consistency with which an eval tool yields consistent results (p. 127)

Reliability (consistency=reliability)

THIS is the extent to which an eval tool measures what it is supposed to. (p. 127)

Validity (relevant=valid)

How easy is the eval to complete? Is it confusing? These are questions to ask when considering the tool's _____. (p. 127)

Usability

THESE evals convert respondents' thoughts, attitudes, and opinions into numbers. (p. 128)

Quantitative

Name 5 types of qualitative data collection. (p. 129)

(1) Observations (2) Interviews (3) Focus Groups (4) Public meetings (5) Review of documents or records (6) Triangulation

There are 2 types of program observation: participant and nonparticipant. THESE observations involve the evaluator observing behaviors w/out interacting in the setting. (p. 130)

Nonparticipant

What 2 types of interviews are conducted for qualitative data collection? (p. 130)

(1) Formal/structured: specific list of Q's | (2) Informal/unstructured: casual conversation

In THIS type of qualitative data collection, 8-12 individuals are assembled based on preselected criteria for an informal discussion (p. 130).

Focus groups

In THIS type of qualitative data collection, the agency holds an open forum to present ideas or plans to the public and solicit their feedback. (p. 130)

Public meetings

In THIS type of qualitative data collection, there is a review of materials pertinent to the program including brochures, registration forms, financial reports, participation, etc. (p. 130)

Review of documents and/or records

In THIS type of qualitative data collection, you use multiple data sources (e.g., interviews with staff, participants, spectators) and/or data collection techniques (e.g., interviews, observations, focus groups) in search of the "truth." (p. 130)

Triangulation

What are 6 essential components in a triangulation report? (p. 131)

(1) Program purpose/goals/objectives (2) Program design/implementation procedures (3) Financials (was forecasted performance met?) (4) Staffing plan (5) Evaluation data (summative eval) (6) Future recommendations (data analysis/implications)

THIS is a specific type of eval used prior to program implementation to gather info about community wants/needs to make informed decisions about future offerings. (p. 131)

Assessment

What are the 2 most common methods for assessing individuals with disabilities? (p. 132)

(1) Observation | (2) Interviewing

THESE consist of community members appointed or elected to represent the larger community; they are often strong advocates for agency services, dedicated volunteers, and a great sounding board for ideas the agency is considering. (p. 133)

Citizen advisory committees

An individual participant plan is the "planning" stage of APIE and commonly contains what 5 components? (p. 133)

(1) Assessment (2) Goals (long and short-term) (3) Intervention strategies (4) Outcome/eval plan (5) Inclusion plan (how participant will enter the program)

What are the 4 P's of marketing? (p. 133)

(1) Product/service (2) Price (3) Place (4) Promotion

What 6 sections are included in a marketing plan? (p. 133)

(1) Executive summary (2) Situational/SWOT analysis (3) Customer/target market analysis (4) Marketing goals/objectives (detailed plan) (5) Implementation, monitoring, and eval (6) Customer recruiting and retention plan

T/F In marketing, it is much more cost effective to move light and medium users up the ladder than it is to attract nonusers. (p. 135)

True

Name 2 tools for customer retention. (p. 135)

(1) Program schedule | (2) Program level

What are 3 ways to enhance your rec center's customer service? (p. 136)

(1) Ensure front desk knows agency well (2) Post flyers/link web addresses to similar services (3) Meet with similar service providers quarterly for info on programs/ events

What are 5 steps to handling complaints (note: procedures are often included in agency policy manual). (p. 136)

(1) Receive complaint without comment (2) Acknowledge receipt of complaint and inform individual of next step (3) Forward complaint to appropriate person (4) Supervisor resolves complaint ASAP (5) Follow up with individual

Give 4 strategies for enhancing the scheduling of community programs. (p. 137)

(1) Consider season/climate (2) Conduct needs assessment on local preferences (3) Know local school/religious schedules (4) Consider preferences of target markets (e.g. homeschooled kids)

In current literature, planning the timing or ordering of events within a given program is referred to as ______ a program or designing its ______. (p 138)

Animating; flow

When preparing programs, a park/rec professional will select activities (_______) and place them in the appropriate order (______) to orchestrate the occurrence (__) of the program to achieve the specified goals/objectives. (p. 139)

Content, animate, flow

Beginners are likely to register for a class but not as likely to sign up for a tournament. This is an ex. of how program ______ can impact likely customers. (p. 139)

Format

The ADA was enacted by Congress in what year, and altered to be amended in what year? (p. 139)

1990; 2009

The overriding principle of the ADA is the notion of __________, as opposed to the previous idea that agencies could meet their obligation to individuals with disabilities by providing them special services. (p. 139)

Inclusion

An individual is considered to a have a disability if their impairment meets what 3 standards? (p. 139)

(1) Mental/physical impairment substantially limiting a major life activity (2) Is normally regarded as being a disability (3) Is permanent

What 5 areas are specifically covered by ADA? (p. 139)

(1) Employment (2) Govt services/public transit (3) Private entities offering public accommodations (4) Communication systems (5) Misc.

What 4 ADA standards must park/rec professionals comply with? (p. 139)

(1) Can't bar participation b/c of disability (2) Must make reasonable accommodations (3) Can't charge for accommodations (4) Can't offer a program at inaccessible site only

What are the 3 exceptions to ADA compliance? (p. 139)

(1) Fundamental alternation of service (2) Undue financial burden (3) Undue admin burden

What are 3 other names for an individual participant plan (used for APIE)?

(1) Program plan (2) Client care plan (3) Treatment plan (4) Individualized education program

Customers can be divided into 4 groups: nonusers, light users medium users, and high users. THESE TWO groups are often the largest group, while THIS group is the smallest. (p. 135)

(1) Light users; nonusers | (2) High users