Textbook 6.1, 6.2, 7.2, & 8.4

Question 1

Cognitive actions that can be performed on objects or ideas:

Answer 1

Mental Operations

Question 2

A characteristic of formal-operational thought that involves drawing conclusions from facts:

Answer 2

Deductive Reasoning

Question 3

A strategy in which information to be remembered is structured so that related information is placed together:

Answer 3

Organization

Question 4

A memory strategy in which information is embellished to make it more memorable:

Answer 4

Elaboration

Question 5

A person’s informal understanding of memory, including the ability to diagnose memory problems accurately and to monitor the effectiveness of memory strategies:

Answer 5

Metamemory

Question 6

A person’s knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes:

Answer 6

Metacognitive Knowledge

Question 7

The ability to use one’s own and others’ emotions effectively for solving problems and living happily:

Answer 7

Emotional Intelligence

Question 8

In Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence, the ability to analyze problems and generate different solutions:

Answer 8

Analytic Ability

Question 9

In Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence, the ability to deal adaptively with novel situations and problems:

Answer 9

Creative Ability

Question 10

In Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence, the ability to know which solutions to a problem are likely to work:

Answer 10

Practical Ability

Question 11

In intelligence testing, a measure of children’s performance corresponding to the chronological age of those whose performance equals the child’s:

Answer 11

Mental Age

Question 12

A mathematical representation of how a person scores on an intelligence test in relation to how other people of the same age score:

Answer 12

IQ

Question 13

Focuses specifically on cognitive processes that appear most important for most cognitive tasks:

Answer 13

Inclusive Intelligence Testing

Question 14

The ability to recognize that numbers, objects, or mental categories can be reversed, changed, and/or returned to their original condition:

Answer 14

Reversibility

Question 15

The ability to pay attention to multiple aspects of a problem rather than focusing only on a single aspect:

Answer 15

Decentration

Question 16

The ability to order items along a quantitative dimension, such as length:

Answer 16

Seriation

Question 17

The ability to mentally order items (if A > B and B > C, then A > C):

Answer 17

Transitive Inference

Question 18

A voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking:

Answer 18

Friendship

Question 19

Conversations about personal problems, common among adolescent girls:

Answer 19

Co-Rumination

Question 20

A small group of friends who are similar in age, sex, race, and attitudes:

Answer 20

Clique

Question 21

A large group including many cliques that have similar attitudes and values:

Answer 21

Crowd

Question 22

The ordering of individuals within a group in which group members with lower status defer to those with greater status:

Answer 22

Dominance Hierarchy

Question 23

Children who are liked by many classmates:

Answer 23

Popular Children

Question 24

Children who are disliked by many classmates:

Answer 24

Rejected Children

Question 25

Children who are both liked and disliked intensely by classmates:

Answer 25

Controversial Children

Question 26

Children who are both liked and disliked by classmates with relatively little intensity:

Answer 26

Average Children

Question 27

Neither liked nor disliked by their classmates - ignored:

Answer 27

Neglected Children

Question 28

Aggression used to achieve an explicit goal:

Answer 28

Instrumental Aggression

Question 29

Unprovoked aggression that seems to have the sole goal of intimidating, harassing, or humiliating another child:

Answer 29

Hostile Aggression

Question 30

Moral reasoning is based on external forces:

Answer 30

Preconventional Level

Question 31

The belief that adults know what is right and wrong:

Answer 31

Obedience Orientation

Question 32

Moral reasoning is based on the aim of looking out for one’s needs:

Answer 32

Instrumental Orientation

Question 33

Moral reasoning is based on society’s norms:

Answer 33

Conventional Level

Question 34

Moral reasoning is based on winning the approval of others:

Answer 34

Interpersonal Norms

Question 35

Moral reasoning is based on maintaining order in society:

Answer 35

Social System Morality

Question 36

Moral reasoning is based on a personal moral code:

Answer 36

Postconventional Level

Question 37

Moral reasoning is based on the belief that laws are for the good of all members of society:

Answer 37

Social Contract