Textbook Ch.7 Flashcards
(85 cards)
Bone functions include
Muscle attachment, protection, support, blood cell formation, and storage of materials
Articular cartilage
(Hyaline cartilage) that covers the epiphyses
Diaphysis
Shaft of the bone
Periosteum
Tough layer of vascular connective that covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons
Bony processes and grooves do what
Indicate places of attachment for muscles
Compact bone
Makes up the wall of the diaphysis
Osteocytes
Bone cells that are located within lacunae that lie in concentric circles around Haversian canals surrounded by the matrix
Osteocytes do what
Pass nutrients and gases in the matrix through canaliculi
How do bones form
By replacing connective tissue in the fetus, within sheet like
Ayres of connective tissue (intramembranous bones), or replacing masses of cartilage (endochondral bones)
The flat bones of the skull form as intramembranous bones that develop from…
Layers of connective tissue
Most bones fall into what category
Endochondral
They first develop as blank cartilage models and then are replaced with blank
Hyaline; bone
Osteoblasts beneath the periosteum lay down blank outside the blank
Compact bone; spongy bone
Osteoclasts
Break down the calcified matrix and are replaced with bone building osteoblasts that deposit bone in place of calcified cartilage
Epiphyseal plates are responsible for what
Lengthening bones while increases in thickness are due to intramembranous ossification underneath the periosteum
Explain homeostasis of bone tissue
Osteoclasts tear down and osteoblasts build bone through the lifespan with the processes of resorption and deposition with an average of three to five percent of bone calcium exchanged annually (also destroys tissue such as cancer) (responsible for removing excess tissue)
Bones give shape to
Head, thorax, and limbs
Bones such a such as the pelvis and lower limbs…
Provide support for the body
Bones of the skull protect…
Brain, ears, and eyes
Red marrow
Functions in the formation of red and white blood cells, platelets, and is found in the spongy bone of the skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae, and pelvis
Yellow marrow
Occupies the cavities of most bones and stores fat
The inorganic matrix of bone stores inorganic mineral salts in the form of blank that is important in many metabolic processes
Calcium phosphate
The axial skeleton consists of
Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, vertebrae and intervertebral disks, and thorax (ribs and sternum)
The appendicular skeleton consists of
Pectoral girdle (scapulae and clavicles), upper limbs, pelvic girdle (coxal bones articulating with the sacrum), and lower limbs
