Textbook Info 2

Question 1

What were the main reasons for British control of Egypt 1882 onwards?

Answer 1

Rise in jihadist forces in Sudan and the defeat of Hicks

Gladstone’s removal from power and replaced by Salisbury

Barings reforms in Egypt (which took time)

Question 2

How many times did the brush governemnt announce their supposed withdrawal from Egypt?

Answer 2

66 times

Question 3

Why was the kehadives powers limited after 1882?

Answer 3

The khedive was unable to make any political decision without the agreement of the British consul general (Baring)

Question 4

What caused Gladstone’s removal from power?

Answer 4

His commitment to Home Rule in Ireland split the Liberal Party

Question 5

When did Salisbury meet with other countries to discuss Britain’s removal from Egypt?

Answer 5

1887-1889

Question 6

Which countries did Salisbury work with to agree withdrawal?

Answer 6

Germany, France and Turkey

Question 7

When was the Constantinople Convention?

Answer 7

1887

Question 8

What was the Constantinople Convention?

Answer 8

Salisbury agrees with other world powers about the withdrawal of Britain from Egypt with the ability to renter if necessary

Question 9

How did Russia and France ruin the agreement at the Constantinople Convention?

Answer 9

They threatened the sultan with the invasion of Syria and Armenia

Question 10

What did Baring do by 1887?

Answer 10

Restored the Egyptian Government to solvency

Question 11

When was the London Convention?

Answer 11

1885

Question 12

What was the London Convention?

Answer 12

Agrees to loan Egypt £9 million

Question 13

How much of the London Convention loam was spent on stabilising Egypt’s debts?

Answer 13

£8 million

Helped Baring achieve solvency

Question 14

What did Baring spend the remaining £1 million of the London Convention Loan on?

Answer 14

Irrational and drainage systems to improve agriculture and the canal in Nile’s flood plains

Question 15

What % of the governments revenue was spent on agriculture improvements?

Answer 15

8%

Under the Public Works Department

Question 16

What did Baring do to the taxation system?

Answer 16

Agreed that it needed to be equalised soon to prevent rebellion
But, Baring was cautious if upsetting large landowners and in turn didn’t reform it

Question 17

What did Baring think about secondary education?

Answer 17

It wasn’t the responsibility of the government and so refused to fund it

Question 18

What did Baring do to primary education?

Answer 18

Raised tuition fees in 1901 to decrease enrolment

Question 19

What did Baring remain ignorant to?

Answer 19

The rise in nationalism

Question 20

What were Barings reforms in Egypt?

Answer 20

Stabilising debts
Irrigation and drainage schemes
Protecting the population from the Mahdi

Question 21

What didn’t Baring do?

Answer 21

Reform the taxation system to make it more equal
Invest in education
Recognise the rise in nationalism

Question 22

What was the name of the Mahdi?

Answer 22

Muhammad Ahmad

Question 23

What defeat happened in 1883?

Answer 23

The Egyptian army led by General Hicks were defeat by madhist forces

Forces of 7,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry
Moluccan 300 survived

Question 24

Why did the British want to withdraw from the Sudan?

Answer 24

Believed they couldn’t rule it effectively
Couldn’t find the cost of having to maintain order in the province
There were no strategic or economic interests in Sudan

Question 25

Why was Gordon chosen to evacuate Sudan?

Answer 25

He had already commanded the garrison so knew the area and the people well

Question 26

What did Gordon do during his time in Sudan?

Answer 26

Sent out extracts containing information about his time in Khartoum Tried to generate publicity Wanted the government to change its policy from evacuation to intervention Organised plans to hand over power to an anti-mahdist figure

Question 27

What can be argued about Gordon’s orders from government?

Answer 27

They were impossible to carry out without more reinforcements

Question 28

What did Gordon arrange to be smuggled out of Khartoum?

Answer 28

Copies of his journal | Showed he understood the value of publicity

Question 29

What happened during the segue of Khartoum?

Answer 29

Gordon refused to leave It was covered extensively in the newspapers The public demanded a relief force should be sent Gladstone finally agreed but it arrived a day last

Question 30

What was the result of the siege of Khartoum?

Answer 30

Mahdi pits forces broke through the fortifications The entire garrison was killed Gordon’s head was decapitated and present as a prize to the Mahdi Sudan was left to the Mahdi

Question 31

How did the public react to the death of Gordon?

Answer 31

They blamed Gladstone Gladstone was nicknamed MOG (murderer of Gordon) by the press A national day of mourning was declared

Question 32

What did Sailsbury order in 1896?

Answer 32

For Kitchener to lead a campaign to secure the Nike and crush the Mahdi forces and prevent French forces from gaining territory

Question 33

What did Britain declare in 1890?

Answer 33

The whole of the Nike villas was in its “sphere of influence”

Question 34

When did the armies meet at Fashoda?

Answer 34

1898

Question 35

Who lead the French force?

Answer 35

Major Marchand

Question 36

How big was the French force at Fashoda?

Answer 36

120 men

Question 37

What was Kitcheners force like at Fashoda?

Answer 37

1,500 men | 5 gunboats

Question 38

What did Kitchener allow the French to do at Fashoda?

Answer 38

To keep their flag flying

Question 39

What did both parties agreee at Fashoda?

Answer 39

That the matter should be solved by London and Paris and instead partied

Question 40

What was the result of Fashoda?

Answer 40

French dropped their claim and retreated