Textbook Info

Question 1

When did the Suez Canal open?

Answer 1

1869

Question 2

When did Disraeli acquire shares in the Suez Canal?

Answer 2

1874

Question 3

How much did Disraeli borrow from the Rothchilds?

Answer 3

£4,000,000

Question 4

What % of shares did Disraeli acquire?

Answer 4

45%

Question 5

When did Britain and France establish In 1878?

Answer 5

Dual Control of Egypt

Question 6

Why did Britain fear the collapse of the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 6

Feared other European powers would benefit and gain territory from the collapse

Question 7

How much did Egypt’s foreign debt increase by between 1863 to 1870?

Answer 7

£3 million to £100 million

Question 8

When did the khedive become bankrupt?

Answer 8

1876

Question 9

As a part of Dual Control what did the British and French force the khedive to do?

Answer 9

Introduce financial reforms:
- cut the pay of the army
- introduce taxes in food and goods
(increase revenue)

Question 10

Who replaced Ismail as the khedive?

Answer 10

Tewfik Pasha

More willing to compromise with the British

Question 11

Who was the Arabi Pasha?

Answer 11

Nationalist Egyptian army officer

Led a protest group against Tewfik and Anglo-French interference

Question 12

What did Arabi Pasha protest against in 1876?

Answer 12

Army pay

Question 13

What did Arabi Pasha form?

Answer 13

1879 Egyptian Nationalist Party

Question 14

Who did Arabi Pasha gain support from?

Answer 14

Army
Bourgeoisie
Fellahin (peasant community)

Question 15

What did Arabi Pasha lead in 1779?

Answer 15

A coup

In response to the dismissal of 2,500 army offices and the halving of the remaining’s pay

Question 16

What did Arabi Pasha’s coup result in?

Answer 16

Forcing the khedive to appoint a nationalist ministry

Question 17

STRATEGICALLY why did Britain intervene in Egypt pre 1882?

Answer 17

Protect the route to India through the Suez Canal

80% of shipping passing through the Suez Canal was British

Question 18

TRADE WISE why did Britain intervene in Egypt pre 1882?

Answer 18

Egypt provided a growing market for exports

The khedive railway and harbour building projects attracted British businessmen

By 1880, Britain purchased 80% of Egypt’s exports

Britain supplied 44% of Egypt’s imports

Britain purchased Egyptian cotton during the American Cicil War (stopped when war was over - damaged Egypt’s economy further)

Question 19

FINANCIALLY why did Britain intervene in Egypt?

Answer 19

British bond-holders were vulnerable if Egypt did not pay its debts

Ensured Egypt would contain to repay the loans granted by Britain as part of their Dual Control

Question 20

When did radical Mahdi forces arise in the Sudan?

Answer 20

1881

Governors after Gordon failed so they arose

Question 21

When was Gordon dispatched to evacuate garrisons in the Sudan?

Answer 21

1884

Question 22

When does Baring arrive in Egypt?

Answer 22

1883

Question 23

What does Baring arrive in Egypt as?

Answer 23

Consul General

Question 24

When is General Gordon besieged in Khartoum?

Answer 24

1885

Question 25

How much did Arabi Oasha barrow from the Rothchilds to prevent further cuts?

Answer 25

£400,000

Question 26

How much of Gladstone’s personal fortune was invested in Egyptian loans?

Answer 26

37%

Question 27

What moral reason did the British claim to be in Egypt?

Answer 27

To protect European loss of life from further anti-Christian riots

Question 28

What happened during the anti-Christian riot in Alexandria in 1882?

Answer 28

Had a population of 232,000 Every 1/5th person was European Riots quickly escalated after a donkey dispute 50 Europeans killed 250 Egyptians killed

Question 29

When did the French and British issue the Gambetta Note?

Answer 29

1882

Question 30

What was the Gambetta Note?

Answer 30

A diplomatic note stating that the two powers regarded the maintenance of the khedive power as a priority in ensuring Egypts prosperity It intended to warn nationalist under Arabi Pasha

Question 31

How did Arabi Pasha and nationalists respond to the Gambetta Note?

Answer 31

Threatened to dispose the khedive

Question 32

What actions did French and British take after the Gambetta Note?

Answer 32

Surrounded Alexandra where Arabi Pasha had seized co troops British warships begin a bombardment of Alexandria

Question 33

What are the results of the bombardment of Alexandria?

Answer 33

Arabi Pasha is defeated at Tel el-Kevin, arrested and exiled to Ceylon 2,000 Egyptian casualties 57 British

Question 34

When is Tewfik Pasha restored as the khedive?

Answer 34

After the defeat of Arabi Pasha and the bombardment of Alexandria

Question 35

What two reason were there for France’s withdrawal from bombarding Alexandria?

Answer 35

Bismarck changed Germany’s position on Egypt which France could not refuse after previous defeat Gambetta fell from power and Freycinet replaced him - he refused to support Britain’s military intervention

Question 36

What happened in 1882?

Answer 36

``` Gambetta Note Arabi Pasha controls Alexandria Anti-Christian riots in Alexandria British bombardment of Alexandria Arabi Oasha is defeated at Tel el-Kebir and exiled ```

Question 37

What factors were there for British intervention in Egypt pre 1882?

Answer 37

Strategic (Suez Canal) Financial (bond holders) Trade (exports, imports and cotton) People