textiles Flashcards
(23 cards)
1
Q
what are the three types of textiles?
A
natural, synthetic and blended
2
Q
natural
A
- 100% processed from plants or animals
- can be harvested from plants and animals
- renewable resources
- biodegradable and recyclable
- often absorbent and strong when dry but poor resistance to biological damage
3
Q
synthetic
A
- 100% man-made
- made from polymers
- mainly come from coal and oil so non-renewable
- less sustainable than natural
- generally resistant to biological damage, can be changed by heating to form different shapes and textures, not very absorbent
4
Q
blended
A
a mixture of natural and synthetic
5
Q
give an example of a blended textile
A
polycotton-polyester and cotton
6
Q
what are the 4 methods where textiles can be joined to each other?
A
knitting, weaving, webbing and felting
7
Q
cotton
A
- natural
- A: white fluffy ‘ball’ from the cotton plant
- pros: soft, strong, absorbent, easy to wash, hardwearing, comfortable to wear, non-static, fairly cheap
- cons: creases easily, high flammability, poor elasticity, can shrink when washed
- U: clothing, towels, bedding
8
Q
wool
A
- natural
- A: animal fleece, commonly from sheep
- pros: warm, crease resistant, can shrink, soft, absorbent, good elasticity, low flammability
- cons: can shrink when washed, dries slowly, can feel itchy, fairly expensive
- U: jumpers, coats, suits, carpets
9
Q
silk
A
- natural
- A: fibre from the cocoon of the silkworm
- pros: soft, fine finish, gentle, drapes well, smooth, resistant to shrinking and stretching, absorbent, low flammability
- cons: expensive, creases easily, weak when wet
- U: luxury clothing, soft furnishings, upholstery
10
Q
polyester
A
- synthetic
- A: can replicate lots of fabrics, lots of different colours
- C: tough, strong, can be blended with others, durable, non-absorbent, resistant to creases and biological damage but not warm
- U: clothing, backpacks, sportswear, curtains
11
Q
polyamide
A
- synthetic
- e.g nylon
- A: versatile, easily coloured
- C: hard wearing, hard to tear, lightweight but strong, crease-resistant, warm, non-absorbent but easily damaged by sunlight, good elasticity
- U: clothing, parachutes, sportswear
12
Q
elastane
A
- synthetics
- e.g lycra
- many different finishes
- extremely elastic, strong, hardwearing, lightweight, keeps shape well, resists sun / biological damage
- but highly flammable, not very absorbent, not biodegradable
- sportswear, combined with other fibres to add stretch
13
Q
blended fabrics
A
- made by spinning two or more types of fibre together to produce a yarn
- they are blended to combine different fibres with desirable properties
14
Q
polycotton
A
- made from cotton and polyester
- more durable, cheaper and stronger than cotton alone
- less likely to crease or shrink
- not as breathable and is highly flammable
15
Q
woven fabrics
A
- made by interlacing two sets of yarn at right angles to each other
- weft runs along the width of the fabric
- warp runs along the length of the fabric
- tend to be very strong
16
Q
plain weave
A
- most basic and cheapest way to produce
- made by passing weft yarn over and under warp yarns
- strong, hard-wearing, holds its shape well
- pattern is identical on both sides of the fabric
17
Q
non-woven fabric
A
- made directly from fibres that have not been spun into yarns
- bonded fabric and felted fabric
18
Q
bonded fabric
A
- made from webs of fibres that are bonded together with glue, heat, stitches or needle-punching
- fabrics don’t fray but are weak
- uses: disposable cloths, tea bags, clothing
19
Q
felted fabric
A
- felt made from matting wool fibres together by using moisture, heat and pressure
- inelastic
- pulls apart easily
- uses: jewellery, hats, crafts, carpet underlay
20
Q
knitted fabrics
A
- made by interlocking loops of yarn together, not interlacing
21
Q
weft knitting
A
- weft-knit fabric is made by hand or machine using a yarn that forms interlocking loops across the width of the fabric
- stretchy and warm
- can lose its shape and unravel easily
22
Q
warp knitting
A
- warp-knit fabric made by machine using yarn that forms vertical interlocking loops
- less stretchy than weft-knitted fabric
- retains shape better and less likely to unravel
23
Q
mixed fibres
A
- when a fabric is made up of two or more different types of yarn
- two different types can then be knitted or woven together to make a mixed fabric