textiles Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

what are the three types of textiles?

A

natural, synthetic and blended

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2
Q

natural

A
  • 100% processed from plants or animals
  • can be harvested from plants and animals
  • renewable resources
  • biodegradable and recyclable
  • often absorbent and strong when dry but poor resistance to biological damage
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3
Q

synthetic

A
  • 100% man-made
  • made from polymers
  • mainly come from coal and oil so non-renewable
  • less sustainable than natural
  • generally resistant to biological damage, can be changed by heating to form different shapes and textures, not very absorbent
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4
Q

blended

A

a mixture of natural and synthetic

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5
Q

give an example of a blended textile

A

polycotton-polyester and cotton

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6
Q

what are the 4 methods where textiles can be joined to each other?

A

knitting, weaving, webbing and felting

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7
Q

cotton

A
  • natural
  • A: white fluffy ‘ball’ from the cotton plant
  • pros: soft, strong, absorbent, easy to wash, hardwearing, comfortable to wear, non-static, fairly cheap
  • cons: creases easily, high flammability, poor elasticity, can shrink when washed
  • U: clothing, towels, bedding
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8
Q

wool

A
  • natural
  • A: animal fleece, commonly from sheep
  • pros: warm, crease resistant, can shrink, soft, absorbent, good elasticity, low flammability
  • cons: can shrink when washed, dries slowly, can feel itchy, fairly expensive
  • U: jumpers, coats, suits, carpets
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9
Q

silk

A
  • natural
  • A: fibre from the cocoon of the silkworm
  • pros: soft, fine finish, gentle, drapes well, smooth, resistant to shrinking and stretching, absorbent, low flammability
  • cons: expensive, creases easily, weak when wet
  • U: luxury clothing, soft furnishings, upholstery
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10
Q

polyester

A
  • synthetic
  • A: can replicate lots of fabrics, lots of different colours
  • C: tough, strong, can be blended with others, durable, non-absorbent, resistant to creases and biological damage but not warm
  • U: clothing, backpacks, sportswear, curtains
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11
Q

polyamide

A
  • synthetic
  • e.g nylon
  • A: versatile, easily coloured
  • C: hard wearing, hard to tear, lightweight but strong, crease-resistant, warm, non-absorbent but easily damaged by sunlight, good elasticity
  • U: clothing, parachutes, sportswear
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12
Q

elastane

A
  • synthetics
  • e.g lycra
  • many different finishes
  • extremely elastic, strong, hardwearing, lightweight, keeps shape well, resists sun / biological damage
  • but highly flammable, not very absorbent, not biodegradable
  • sportswear, combined with other fibres to add stretch
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13
Q

blended fabrics

A
  • made by spinning two or more types of fibre together to produce a yarn
  • they are blended to combine different fibres with desirable properties
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14
Q

polycotton

A
  • made from cotton and polyester
  • more durable, cheaper and stronger than cotton alone
  • less likely to crease or shrink
  • not as breathable and is highly flammable
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15
Q

woven fabrics

A
  • made by interlacing two sets of yarn at right angles to each other
  • weft runs along the width of the fabric
  • warp runs along the length of the fabric
  • tend to be very strong
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16
Q

plain weave

A
  • most basic and cheapest way to produce
  • made by passing weft yarn over and under warp yarns
  • strong, hard-wearing, holds its shape well
  • pattern is identical on both sides of the fabric
17
Q

non-woven fabric

A
  • made directly from fibres that have not been spun into yarns
  • bonded fabric and felted fabric
18
Q

bonded fabric

A
  • made from webs of fibres that are bonded together with glue, heat, stitches or needle-punching
  • fabrics don’t fray but are weak
  • uses: disposable cloths, tea bags, clothing
19
Q

felted fabric

A
  • felt made from matting wool fibres together by using moisture, heat and pressure
  • inelastic
  • pulls apart easily
  • uses: jewellery, hats, crafts, carpet underlay
20
Q

knitted fabrics

A
  • made by interlocking loops of yarn together, not interlacing
21
Q

weft knitting

A
  • weft-knit fabric is made by hand or machine using a yarn that forms interlocking loops across the width of the fabric
  • stretchy and warm
  • can lose its shape and unravel easily
22
Q

warp knitting

A
  • warp-knit fabric made by machine using yarn that forms vertical interlocking loops
  • less stretchy than weft-knitted fabric
  • retains shape better and less likely to unravel
23
Q

mixed fibres

A
  • when a fabric is made up of two or more different types of yarn
  • two different types can then be knitted or woven together to make a mixed fabric