Textiles

Question 1

What are the three types or fibres and name examples

Answer 1

Natural- cotton, linen, wool, silk
Manmade- nylon, acrylic, polyester
Regenerated- viscose

Question 2

What are the two types of fibres

Answer 2

Staple- short, like cat or dog hair, wool, cotton, acrylic
Continuous- long, like human hair, luxurious, nylon, silk

Question 3

Weaving

Answer 3

Strong
Shirts, skirts, bedding, jeans, curtains

Question 4

Knitting

Answer 4

Stretchy, comfy
Underwear, jumpers and t-shirts.

Question 5

Bonded

Answer 5

Felt doesn’t need to be spun, weak short fibres compressed and glued together.
Surgical masks, kitchen cleaning cloths.

Question 6

Wool- advantages

Answer 6

Breathable, has elasticity, doesn’t crease, warm to wear, very absorbent, low flammability, very soft next to skin, wide range of weights.

Question 7

Wool- disadvantages

Answer 7

Expensive, may shrink when washed, takes long time to dry, can be itchy.

Question 8

Wool- uses

Answer 8

Soft furnishings, carpets, blankets, suits, dresses and knitwear.

Question 9

Silk- advantages

Answer 9

Smooth finish, high absorption of moisture, soft, comfy, fine, drapes well, wide variety of textures, easy to print on.

Question 10

Silk- disadvantages

Answer 10

Expensive, may not wash well, can be weak when wet, may crease easily.

Question 11

Silk- uses

Answer 11

Underwear, knitwear and soft furnishings.

Question 12

Cotton- advantages

Answer 12

Comfy, durable, strong even when wet, absorbent, environmentally sustainable, inexpensive, hard wearing, cooling.

Question 13

Cotton- disadvantages

Answer 13

Creases easily, dries slowly, shrinks, burns easily, highly flammable.

Question 13

Cotton- uses

Answer 13

Soft furnishings, clothing

Question 14

Nylon- advantages

Answer 14

Can be either long or short fibres, excellent abrasion resistance, lightweight, warm, absorbent, breathable, repels rain and moisture, good drape, durable, creases drop out.

Question 15

Nylon- disadvantages

Answer 15

Low absorbency, can shrink so needs to be dry cleaned, poor resistance to UV light, can crease, static.

Question 16

Nylon- uses

Answer 16

Clothing, active sportswear, fleeces, socks, seatbelts, fishing lines, carpets, umbrellas , ropes, stockings.

Question 17

Acrylic- advantages

Answer 17

Luxurious appearance, wide range of colours, durable, soft, shrinkage and moth resistant, dry fast as low moisture absorbency, oil resistant, doesn’t wrinkle.

Question 18

Acrylic-disadvantages

Answer 18

Prone to static build up and pilling. Not as breathable as natural fibres, can be unconfutable as doesn’t change based on temperatures, not as environmentally friendly as natural fibres.

Question 19

Acrylic- uses

Answer 19

Socks, hats, gloves, sweaters, fabrics, home furniture and awnings.

Question 20

Polyester- advantages

Answer 20

Good strength, dries easily, resists rubbing, non-absorbent, good drape, durable, can be soft, crease resistant, doesn’t shrink or wrinkle, not stretchy and recyclable. Resistant to chemicals, mould, rot and sunlight. Easily cared for and can feel silky.

Question 21

Polyester-disadvantages

Answer 21

Prone to static build up, tends to hold odours compared to natural fibres and is less breathable than natural fibre such as cotton.

Question 22

Polyester- uses

Answer 22

Raincoats, fleeces, nightwear for children, medical textiles, car seatbelts and sportswear.

Question 23

Linen- advantages

Answer 23

Antibacterial, durable, strong when wet, comfy, strong, cool to wear, very hard wearing, insect repelling, sustainable, dries quickly, can be washed and ironed, luxurious, breathable, little fluff, high absorption of water, lightweight.

Question 24

Linen- uses

Answer 24

Table linen, tea towels, aprons, sheets, curtains, soft furnishings.

Question 24

Linen- disadvantages

Answer 24

Can fade in sunlight, can be difficult to work with, doesn't drape, difficult to dry, expensive, creases badly.

Question 25

Polypropylene- advantages

Answer 25

Heat resistant, good chemical, stains and fading resistance, tough, durable, fatigue resistant, affordable to produce, lightweight, moth proof, recyclable.

Question 26

Polypropylene- disadvantages

Answer 26

Can be damaged by UV light.

Question 27

Polypropylene- uses

Answer 27

Table cloths, tote bags, rope, carpet, outdoor clothing, twine, upholstery.

Question 28

What are the 10 surface finishes that can be applied to textiles called

Answer 28

Printing, flame retardant, water repellent, crease resistance, stain resistant, calendaring, brushing, embossing, bio stoning, mercerising.

Question 29

What is printing

Answer 29

An image inkjet printed onto specially treated paper can be heat pressed onto fabric to provide a permanent image.

Question 30

What is flame retardant

Answer 30

Chemical additives can be sprayed onto fabric to slow down its burn time.

Question 31

What is water repellent

Answer 31

Silicone-based chemicals can be sprayed on to provide a protective barrier.

Question 32

What is crease resistance

Answer 32

A resin can be applied to stop creases setting.

Question 33

What is stain resistance

Answer 33

A silicone-based spray can stop stains being absorbed into the fabric.

Question 34

What is calendaring

Answer 34

Sends fabric through heated rollers and makes it smooth.

Question 35

What is brushing

Answer 35

Fabric is sent through a series of fine wire-toothed rollers, which gives it a soft, fluffy surface.

Question 36

What is embossing

Answer 36

Synthetic fibres are sent through heated, decorative rollers pressing the pattern texture into the fabric.

Question 37

What is bio stoning

Answer 37

Adding a cellulose enzyme to the washing process causes a stonewashed, distressed effect, mainly used on denim.

Question 38

What is mercerising

Answer 38

Especially used on cotton, sodium hydroxide is added to the fibres making them swell to give a shiny appearance.