The 1920s and 30s Flashcards
(204 cards)
1
Q
When was the Spanish Flu first recorded?
A
March 11, 1918
2
Q
Where was the Spanish Flu first recorded?
Where were other cases reported?
A
Fort Riley, a military outpost in Kansas
Reports were noted in military camps all around the US
3
Q
Who was the the first recorded person with the Spanish Flu?
A
Private Albert Gitchell, a company cook
4
Q
Who brought the Spanish flu to Europe?
A
American troops
5
Q
When did the Spanish Flu start infecting French troops?
A
Middle of may
6
Q
Spain and the Spanish Flu
A
- When the flu hit Spain, the Spanish government quickly publicly announce the epidemic
- Spain was not part of WW1 so it didn’t have to censor their health reports
- Since most people heard about the flu attack on spain it was named the Spanish flu
7
Q
When did the first wave of the Spanish flu start dying out?
A
End of July 1918
8
Q
Second wave of Spanish Flu deadliness?
A
First wave was contagious but second was both contagious and deadly
9
Q
When did the second wave of Spanish Flu hit?
A
Late August 1918
10
Q
Where did the second wave of Spanish Flu hit?
A
3 ports
Boston (US), Brest (France), Freetowne (Sierra Leone)
11
Q
What happened because of the second wave of Spanish Flu
A
Hospitals became overwhelmed
Tent hospitals were made on lawns
Nurses and doctors were high in demand bc most went to Europe to help in the war
Hospitals had to ask for volunteers
12
Q
Symptoms of Spanish Flu
A
- First symptoms were extreme fatigue, fever and headache
- Within hours of the first symptoms, victims began turning blue
- Coughing with so much force that some tore their abdominal muscles
- Foamy blood came out through their mouths and noses
- Bleeding through ears
- Vomit
- Some became incontinent(no control over urination or defecation)
13
Q
Morgues in the Spanish Flu?
A
Forced to stack bodies in the corridors
Not enough people to dig graves
Mass graves were dug to rid the towns of rotting corpses
14
Q
Third Wave of Spanish Flu
A
After the armistice, people took to the streets to give hugs, kisses and celebrate the end of the war starting the third wave
Not as deadly as the second but more than the first
Did not receive as much attention
15
Q
End of Spanish Flu?
A
Some say spring of 1919 and others said it continued through 1920 but it eventually disappeared
16
Q
Where did most immigrants settle in Winnipeg?
A
The North End
17
Q
What was the heart of Winnipeg’s industrial economy?
A
CP railyards
18
Q
What parties were popular with immigrants?
A
The independent labor party and communist candidates
19
Q
What were Canadian troops doing after the armistice?
A
Canadian troops were waiting in Britain and France for their battalion number to get called to go home
20
Q
Why was Canada a disappointment to the returning veterans?
A
The economy was bad, there were no jobs, families were in hard times and many of their fellow soldiers have died
21
Q
When did the Winnipeg General Strike start
A
May 15 1919 at 11 am
22
Q
Why did the Winnipeg General Strike start
A
The working conditions were bad and there were no jobs available
23
Q
Voting for the Winnipeg General Strike
A
The voting was made very easy so everyone could vote. White marble for yes. Black for no
24
Q
How many people were on strike?
A
30,000
25
Who still worked during the Winnipeg General Strike
Essential service workers (electricity, food, heating)
Theaters and movie houses
26
Who were the anti strike forces in the Winnipeg General Strike
mostly the city's top lawyers
27
How did the anti strike forces intimidate the strikers
Police seized the subscription list of the labor newspaper to intimidate the strikers and to know who was involved
Deported the strikers
28
Why was the government scared of unions and strike
They thought it was communist led
29
When did the government arrest the strike leaders?
June 17 1919
30
When did Bloody Saturday happen
Saturday June 21 1919
31
What happened on Bloody Saturday?
There was a mass meeting and march planned but Winnipeg Mayor Gray forbade the rally
Ex-soldiers protested by leading thousands of people down Main Street
Mounties started attacking them with clubs and firing pistols
The Federal government sent troops to patrol the streets with machine guns
32
How many people died in the riot?
2 people
33
Why is the number of people who got hurt during Bloody Saturday unknown?
Many people didn’t go to hospitals after getting injured in fear of being recognized as a striker and getting deported
34
When did the strike end?
A week after Bloody Saturday
35
What were the main strike leaders charged with?
The main strike leaders were charged with plotting to overthrow the government
36
When did The Chanak Crisis happen
1922
37
What happened in The Chanak Crisis
- Britain stationed troops in Chanak
- Turkey was on the losing side of WW1 and resented Britain
- Britain feared a war was coming and asked
- Canada to send troops
- Mackenzie King refused
- Arthur Meighen (conservative leader) felt that Canadians should have
- Britain eventually withdrew their troops
38
When did The Balfour Declaration happen
1926
39
What happened in The Balfour Declaration
Britain held an Imperial Conference
British Lord Balfour declared a new arrangement between Britain and its former colonies
Declared that Canada(along with Australia, New Zealand and South Africa) was now a part of a "commonwealth of nations" equal in status to Great Britain
40
When did The King/Byng Affair happen
1926
41
Who is the leader of Turkey
Kemal Ataturk
42
Who is Arthur Meighen
Conservative leader who was PM in 1920-21 and 1926
43
Who is Robert Forke
Leader of the Progressive party
44
What happened in The King/Byng Affair
PM Mackenzie King had a minority government supported by the recently founded Progressive Party
King's government was involved in a scandal when it was found out that a cabinet minister (Jacques Bureau) had been connected to illegal liquor smuggling
King tried to avert attention to the scandal by calling an election
He asked the Governor General Byng for permission to call an election.
The role was mostly symbolic so King thought he would just agree
Byng refused his request and invited the Conservative Arthur Meighan to form a government
His gov failed a few weeks later and an election was called
King won the election and one of the first acts was to change the role of Gov General - reduced the ability to interfere in future Canadian affairs
King established a Canadian High Commission in London (some diplomatic thing to commonwealth countries?)
45
Who is the cabinet minister that was connected to the scandal
Jacques Bureau
46
Who is the Governor General?
Governor General Byng (The Queen's representative)
47
When did The Statute of Westminster happen
1931
48
What happened in the Statute of Westminster?
Canada further achieved control of its own affairs by an act of the British parliament.
The British government passed the Statute of Westminster.
The Statute granted Cannada and other Commonwealth countries full control over their foreign policies.
Canada could now sign treaties, go to war or make trade deals without Britain's permission
49
What were 4 new electric appliances of the 1920’s?
Upright electric toaster, hair dryer, egg cooker, electric range .
50
What method of transportation did CCM recommend that Canadians buy?
Bicycle
51
What was the nickname given to a “wonderful person in the 20s?
Bee's knees
52
What slang was used to describe being drunk?
Splifficated, ossified
53
What Canadian discovered insulin to manage diabetes in 1923?
Frederick Banting
54
What 3 things were prohibited for sale on Sundays in Ontario?
Liquor, newspaper, cigars
55
What American city did “Rum Alley” lead to?
Detroit
56
What was the Bourassa six?
Automobile manufactured in Montreal.
57
Who was a Studebaker(Car) most popular with in the 1920’s?
Bootleggers (selling illegal alcohol).
58
What disease broke out in Montreal in 1927?
Typhoid fever.
59
What fishing treaty did Canada sign on its own with the USA in 1923?
Halibut Treaty
60
When did the USA start prohibition?
1920s
61
Who is Henry Ford
American Industrialist
Wrote the books that Hitler was interested in
My life and work, The international Jew
Business man
62
What were breweries and distilleries allowed to do with manufactured alcohol in Ontario?
Breweries and distilleries were allowed to manufacture alcohol to export it.
63
Who was the first millionaire mobster
Rocco Perri
64
Describe what a Speakeasy or Blind Pig was in the 1920s?
A Speakeasy or Blind Pig in the 1920s was a place that sold illegal booze.
65
How were Flappers that made them different from Victorian women?
They were free spirited, dressed provocative, bobbed haircuts and low cut dresses.
66
What city did Al Capone’s gang control?
Chicago
67
What did Al Capone use to expand his famous image?
Al Capone used the newspaper, press and reporters to expand his famous image.
68
What was the big event that happened in Chicago? When did it happen?
The St Valentine's Day Massacre. February 14th 1929
69
What was Al Capone jailed for?
Evasion of income tax
70
What was prohibition supposed to reduce?
Crime, poverty and death rates.
71
What year did USA repeal prohibition
1933
72
What was the Dunkin Act.
Allowed any county or municipality to prohibit the retail sale of liquor by majority vote. Province of Canada only
73
When was the Dunkin Act passed
1864
74
When was the Temperance Act
1878
75
Who is Emily Murphy
First female judge in Canada
Judge of Juvenile Court
She has done many years of public service in Canada for many people
76
When was Emily Murphy appointed Judge of the Juvenile Court
1916
77
What were 3 social causes that women became involved in the early 20th century
Alcohol, poverty and child welfare.
78
When was Emily Murphy trying to become Canadian Senate
1921
79
What was the nickname given to the criminal sale of alcohol?
Bootlegging
80
What was one of the few lasting positive effects of prohibition on alcohol usage after it was ended?
It made Canadians aware of alcohol abuse and alcohol consumption never reached the same levels of the late nineteenth century.
81
What government legislation prevented women from becoming senators?
The government legislation that prevented women from becoming senators was the British North America Act.
82
Why did Murphy's supporters argue that she would make an excellent senator?
Murphy’s supporters argued that she would make an excellent senator because she has worked for all kinds of people like immigrants, Aboriginal Canadians, children, etc. and because she wrote one of the first books on drug trade and it had an impact around the world.
83
Who were members of the "Alberta Five"?
Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Louise Mckinney, Irene Parlby and Henrietta Muir Edwards
84
Why did the Supreme court of Canada rule against the Alberta Five?
The Supreme court of Canada ruled against them saying they were not considered persons and because of the social conditions at the time of Confederation in 1867.
85
What legislative body did the Alberta Five send their appeal to?
What did it rule in regard to their case?
The Alberta Five sent their appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in England. The council ruled that women were persons and that the exclusion of women from all public offices is a relic of days more barbarous than ours.
86
When did they rule that women were persons too?
1929
87
Who became the first woman senator?
Cairine Wilson became the first woman senator.
88
Who is Agnes Macphail? When?
The first woman to be elected to Parliament(MP)
1921
89
What did Macphail accomplish later on in her career for women? When?
Macphail accomplished the first equal pay legislation in Canada in 1951.
90
Economic Boom
– When the economy of a country enters a period of growth, high employment and prosperous times.
91
Recession
When the economy of a country enters a period of reorganization and unemployment.
92
Depression
When the economy of country enters a prolonged period of decline, high unemployment and business failure.
93
Stock/Share
A small part ownership of a company. A share would be sold publicly by a company to raise money for itself to invest in its operations and/or to expand production. The cost of a share depended on how well the company was doing. If a company was successful, the share cost went up, if a company did badly the share cost dropped.
94
Stock Market
The place where stocks and shares are sold by brokers to the public by individuals or companies.
95
Buying on a margin
Sale of shares or products whereby the buyer puts down 10% of the cost of the share and pays off the rest over time.
96
What happened after WW1 economically?
Economic recession then Canada adjusted to the peacetime economy. By the mid 1920s, Canada had a economic boom
97
How did the primary and secondary industry grow?
Primary - Canada became a world leader in farming, forestry, and mining
Secondary - Canada began to make products like cars and household goods
98
When did the New York stock exchange crash?
October 29 1929
99
When was RB Benent prime minister?
1930-1935
100
When did the Depression start?
1929
101
What happpened in Bennet’s “ New Deal”
Bennet tried to copy the American president Roosevelt's idea of a New Deal of government managed economy.
He puposed ideas of regulated hours of work, minimum wage, unemployment insurance
The new deal was to avoid a communist revolution
The new deal never happened and bennet was defeating by Mackenzie King in the 1935 election
102
What does CCF stand for
Cooperative Commonwealth Federation
103
When was the CCF created
Where was the CCF created
Who created the CCF Party
1932
Saskatchewan
JS. Woodsworth
104
What was the CCF about
First Socialist Party in Canada
Government should manage the economy and provide help for people
Wanted unemployment insurance, welfare and cheap necessities guaranteed for all
Influenced modern Canada greatly and led directly to the socialized benefits of Canada
Becomes the NDP in the future
105
Union Nationale
Who created it
Where was it created
When was it created
Maurice Duplessis
Quebec
1936
106
What was the Union Nationale about
Very traditional and conservative(almost fascist)
Wanted control all aspects of life in Quebec
VERY anti-communist and anti union
Wanted to keep all English influence out of Quebec
Dominated Quebec as premier for more than 20 years
Used illegal tactics and corruption to control the province(threatening people and rigging the election)
107
Social Credit party
Who
Where
When
William Aberhart
Alberta
1935
108
What was the Social Credit Party about
Conservative
the government would provide credits(vouchers) so people could buy products to restart the economy
Won the 1935 AB election
Became a dominant political force in western Canada for the next 50 years
No social credits were ever given out and the program was cancelled
109
When were relief camps made and used
Early 1930s
110
Who created the relief camps
RB Bennet's government
111
Where were the relief camps
Out in the wilderness
112
What were relief camps about
To make single homeless unemployed men work and off the streets
They were paid 20 cents a day.
Did lots of manual labour
Bennet was scared that the unemployed men would launch a revolution
The men became radicalized and left the camps to join the On To Ottawa trek
113
When was the On To Ottawa Trek
1935
114
What happened on the On To Ottawa Trek
Men in the relief camps started in Vancouver and travelled by trains east to ottawa
Their goal was to meet with Bennet and tell him their demands
They got stoped at Regina
Led to the Regina riot
Regina riot was one of the main reasons why Bennet lost the election
Pressured the government to finally add reforms on wages and unemployment relief
115
What was the event that triggered the depression of the 1930’s?
Stock Market Crash in 1929.
116
Why were the 1930’s considered to be good times for people who had jobs?
The prices were very low and people who kept their jobs saw a slight increase in their living standard.
117
What was a car that was pulled by horses called
A bennet buggy
118
What did JS. Woodsworth say the government was doing to unemployed immigrants in 1932?
The government was deporting them if they could not find work
119
What is a dole
benefit paid by the government to the unemployed
120
What was the effect of “hoppers” on chickens in the prairies?
Grasshoopers would black out the sky and eat everything, and spoiled everything. Lead farmers unable to eat the eggs of chickens or the chickens itself.
121
What 3 groups were routinely denied jobs in Winnipeg in the 1930’s?
Ukranians, Poles and Jews
122
What minimum wage were the “on to Ottawa” trekkers demanding?
50 cents an hour
123
What did the term “riding the rods” mean in the thirties?
Illegally catching rides on freight trains.
124
Who were the 2 leaders of Canadian Fascist parties
Joseph Farr and Adrien Arcand
125
How come the depression did not affect agriculture that much in Central Canada
They had more diverse crop bases
They grew mixed grains, fruits, vegetables and also had meat and dairy farming
126
When did the drought hit?
1928
127
Where did the drought hit
Alberta Saskatchewan and Manitoba
128
What happened to agriculture during the depression
Drought, Strong winds that dried up top soil into giant dust clouds called dust bowls. Remaining soil was not productive for crops
Infestation of grasshoppers who ate everything
Plant disease called rust spreaded destroying crops
129
What side are the liberals on?
Conservatives?
Liberals - Left
Conservatives - Right
130
Communists
Left
Based on the theories of Karl Marx
Believes class system should be abolished
The state controls the economy and society
Authoritarian style government
131
Socialists
Left
Believes in a capitalist system heavily regulated by government
Lots of taxes used to pay for expansive gov social programs like healthcare, etc.
NDP CCF
132
Liberals
Capitalist economy with some Government oversight
Taxes used to pay for social programs
Change is good for society
Less religious and traditional
More middle class
133
Conservatives
Right
Capitalist with little government intervention
Low taxes only basic gov needs
Slow change is acceptable
More religious and traditional
More upper class, elite
134
Fascists
Believe in capitalist economy
Extremely nationalist, religious and traditional
Racist
Authoritarian style government
135
POLITICAL SPECTRUM
Left -> Right
Communists->Socialists->Liberals->Conservatives&Social Credit Party->Union Nationale -> Fascists
136
What did Mackenzie King vow
He would not give any money to provinces run by his opponents
I wont give them a five-cent piece
137
What was vagrancy?
Vagrancy is when you do not have a home, job or source of income.
138
What percentage of the population is unemployed during the depression
25%
139
How much did R.B Bennet give the provinces in relief?
20 million(total)
140
How many men was one doctor assigned to
One doctor was assigned to 16,000 men in Winnipeg
141
What disease was common during the depression
Tuberculosis
142
Why did Newfoundland lose its independence during this time period?
Because Newfoundland was in great debt and in need of a new government.
143
What was socially unique about the music clubs of Montreal?
What was socially unique about the clubs of Montreal is that they were not segregated between races.
144
What influenced these men to become revolutionary during their relief camp time?
They read communist books
145
How did Bennet personally try to solve the depression?
Bennet personally tried to solve the depression by giving money and donations to the people who wrote to him.
146
Why did the protesters only get as far as Regina in their "on to Ottawa trek"
The protesters only get as far as Regina in their “on to Ottawa trek” because Bennet forbids the men to take the train further and had ordered mounties to attack the protesters.
147
Who was “il Duce”
Benito Mussolini
Leader of Italiy and the fascist political movement
148
How did Il Duce enforce his dictatorship
He enforced his dictatorship by banning opposing political parties, worker unions and censored newspapers. He used the media to spread propaganda and had a secret police force to threaten people into obeying him.
149
What was the unintended consequence of the war reparations Germany had to pay after WW1?
Hyperinflation
Germany had to print huge amounts of money which devalued their currency and led to inflation. This ruined their economy and people could not pay for anything, making people very violent.
150
How did the economic problems lead to a breakdown of law and order in Germany?
The inflation made everything so expensive that German middle classes could not afford any food or anything. This forced them to the countryside looking for something to eat and made farmers try to force them away. This made everyone violent
151
What was the Beer Hall Putsch?
The Beer Hall Putsch was an attempted armed revolt to take over the government of Bavaria that failed
152
What did Hitler do in prison
He wrote a book about his personal stories and threats against German people.
153
When was the Beer Hall Putsch
1923
154
When was Hitler elected to power?
1933
155
What was one of Hitler's first actions in office?
Disband the German parliament
156
What were 2 reasons that Fascist groups became popular in Canada during the 1930’s?
Hitler seemed like he was giving jobs and turning the economy around. Some Canadians hoped the same would happen here. It also seemed like a way out of the Great Depression.
Canada was anti-semitism
157
Explain 2 kinds of anti-Semitic restrictions that were placed on Jews in Canada?
2 kinds of anti-Semitic restrictions that were placed on Jews in Canada were hiring restrictions in businesses, the civil service and other professions. Other restrictions were buying property and joining certain clubs and organizations.
158
When did the story of the ship St. Louis take place
May 1939
159
What happened in the story of the ship St. Louis?
907 Jews fled Nazi Germany on the ship St. Louis to find safety in Cuba but their visas were rejected by the Cuban government and every other Latin American country. Desperate, they went to Canada and the United States only to be rejected again. They eventually returned to Europe where many died in Nazi death camps.
160
What was the central aim of a Communist society?
The central aim of a Communist society was to create a classless society where all members shared equally in the distribution of resources. Eliminating private property and placing the means of production in the hands of a government to eliminate the gulf between rich and poor.
161
How did Joseph Stalin attempt to transform the USSR?
Joseph Stalin attempted to transform the USSR by implementing a series of five year plans designed to rapidly industrialize the Soviet economy.
He seized land from farmers and killed any of them who opposed him to make more factories
162
What was the great terror?
The great terror was Stalin being so suspicious of others that from 1935 to 1938, he eliminated all those suspected of working against him. The death penalty was ordered for people who were found to have withheld information about others engaged in acts against Stalin, even extending to children. The Great Terror claimed one million victims.
163
How did Italy test the new League of nations in 1936?
Italy invades Ethiopia/Abyssinia and the League on nations didn't do anything
164
When did Benito Mussolini's political movement emerge?
1919
165
When did Benito Mussolini take to power?
1922
166
What did Mussolini do immediately after taking to power
Immediately banned opposing political parties, workers unions and censored newspaper to stop freedom of expression.
167
What did Mussolini's secret police do
Terrorize people into obeying Mussolini an his fascist followers
168
What did Hitler promise to do?
Tear up the Treaty of Versailles
Restore Germany to greatness
create a might German army
Return all Germans under one Empire(Lebensraum)
Anschluss - the unification of Austria and Germany
169
What did Hitler claim?
He claimed that Aryans were a master race destined to rule over other races such as the Jews and Slavs of Eastern Europe.
170
When was Hitler elected Chancellor of Germany?
1933
171
Who overthrew the Russian government
Vladimir I. Lenin
172
When did Vladimir I. Lenin die
1924
173
Who took over after Vladimir I. Lenin
Joseph Stalin
174
When was the Great Terror
1935-1938
175
What was the democratic country Germany tried to create?
Weimar Republic
176
What was the personal army force that swore absolute loyalty to Hitler
Which secret police force controlled German society?
the SS
Gestapo
177
What did Hitler do about the treaty of Versailles
He openly broke the terms of the treaty by expanding the German army, navy and airforce. The League of Nations did nothing
178
When did Italy invade Abyssinia
1935
179
When was the league of nations created
Why was it created
1919
To stop future wars but they did nothing
180
What happened in Spain?
Republican government of Spain became involved in a civil war against Fascist Nationalist forces
181
When did Spain go to war?
1936
182
Who led the Fascist Nationalist forces in Spain
Francisco Franco
183
Who were the Fascists supported by?
Republicans?
During the Spanish civil war
Fascists - Italians and Germans
Republicans - U.S.S.R.
184
Who won the Spanish civil war?
The Nationalists won and Spain became a fascist country.
Franco was the leader for 40 years
185
What happened to Japan in the 1930s?
They had become an aggressive campaign of expansion.
Became a modern industrial economy and embraced militarism
They lacked resources so they wanted to build an empire to get these from other countries
186
Where did Japan invade? When?
North-East China. Province of Manchuria
1931
Later they invaded the rest of China in 1937
187
What did the Japanese soldiers follow and what were they ordered to do?
They followed the Samurai code of Bushido and looked down on surrendered soldiers. They were ordered to fight to the death
188
Who was in the Axis Alliance?
Japan, Italy and Germany
189
What did Germany do in defiance of the treaty of Versailles starting the war? When
Germany reoccupied Rhineland in 1936
190
How did Germany enforce his Anschluss plan? When?
Hitler absorbed Austria into Germany in 1938
Germany occupied Sudetenland(a part in Czechoslovakia)
191
When did Britain and France intervene? How?
When Germany started taking Czechoslovakia. They threatened to go to war.
192
What did Britain and France do to Hitler?
They realized they were unprepared for another war and tried to make peace with Hitler by giving him territory
193
Who is the British PM?
Chamberlain
194
What agreement did Britain sign with Hitler? What was it meant to do?
The Munich agreement. It was meant to provide "peace for our time" and appeasement
195
When did Hitler invade Poland?
September 1st 1939
196
Who was hitler's enemy?
Joseph Stalin and the USSR
197
What did Hitler do to solve his problem with Russia?
He signed a non aggression treaty called the Nazi/Soviet pact where Hitler would be allowed to invade Poland as long as they divided the country in half with Russia. It also guaranteed that Germany and Russia wouldn't attack each other in the event of a war
198
When was Borden PM?
1911-1920
199
Arthur Meighen
1920-21
1926
200
Mackenzie King
1921-26
1926-30
1935-48
201
RB Bennet
1930-35
202
What was the order of PMs? (7)
Borden
Meighen
King
Meighen
King
Bennet
King
203
What made Mackenzie King weird?
Fan of hitler, antisimetic, believed in ghosts
204
Who were the 3 fascist countries in Europe?
Germany Italy Spain
