the abdomen pt4 circulation

Question 1

Identify Quadratus lumborum

Answer 1

Origin: Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

Insertion: Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and the twelfth rib

Action: contraction of one side flexes the vertebral column laterally. Contraction of both sides extends the vertebral column

Question 2

Identify Psoas Major

Answer 2

Origin: Transverse process of L1-L5

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Action: Flexes hip. Rotates thigh laterally. Flexes vertebral column

Question 3

Identify Psoas Minor

Answer 3

Origin: Body, disc, and transverse process of L1

Insertion: Superior pubic ramus

Action: Flexes vertebral column

Question 4

The aortic arch leads immediately into what other segment of the aorta?

Answer 4

descending thoracic aorta

Question 5

Once the descending aorta passes through the diaphragm it is known as what?

Answer 5

Abdominal aorta (descending abdominal aorta)

Question 6

At what level of the vertebral column does the aorta end?

Answer 6

L4

Question 7

The aorta terminates by bifurcating into what two arteries?

Answer 7

Left and right common iliac arteries

Question 8

What two arteries form an extensive anastomosis which supplies the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 8

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries

Question 9

What blood vessels carry blood to and from the diaphragm?

Answer 9

Superior and inferior phrenic arteries

Question 10

What unpaired blood vessel arises from the abdominal aorta and splits into three branches that supply the stomach, part of the duodenum, the liver, and the spleen?

Answer 10

Celiac trunk

Question 11

What artery supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 11

Left gastric artery

Question 12

What artery supplies the spleen?

Answer 12

Splenic artery

Question 13

What branch of the celiac trunk supplies the liver and related organs?

Answer 13

Common hepatic artery

Question 14

What unpaired artery emerges from the abdominal aorta and supplies most of the small intestine, the pancreas, and the proximal part of the large intestine?

Answer 14

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 15

What arteries supply the kidneys?

Answer 15

renal arteries

Question 16

What arteries supply the gonads?

Answer 16

Gonadal arteries (Testicular arteries, Ovarian arteries)

Question 17

What unpaired artery emerges from the abdominal aorta and supplies the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum?

Answer 17

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 18

How do veins differ structurally from arteries?

Answer 18

Less smooth muscle
Valves

Question 19

What blood vessel returns blood from the lower limbs, pelvis and perineum, and abdominal structures to the right atrium of the heart?

Answer 19

Inferior vena cava

Question 20

What drains the kidneys?

Answer 20

Renal veins

Question 21

What veins drain the gonads?

Answer 21

Gonadal veins (testicular or ovarian)
The left drains into the left renal vein.
The right drains into the inferior vena cava.

Question 22

What is a system of veins that begins and ends in capillaries?

Answer 22

A portal system

Question 23

What large vein receives oxygen-poor but nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract and delivers it directly to the liver?

Answer 23

Hepatic portal vein

Question 24

What are the three main tributaries of the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 24

Inferior mesenteric vein
Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein

Question 25

What veins carry blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava?

Answer 25

Hepatic veins

Question 26

List the general functions of the lymphatic system.

Answer 26

Absorbs and transports excess interstitial fluid back into the bloodstream. Absorbs and transports dietary lipids. Houses lymphocytes. Generates an immune response.

Question 27

What are the closed-ended tubes which are found among blood capillary networks and which work to collect excess interstitial fluid?

Answer 27

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 28

What structures of the lymphatic system resemble veins in that they have three tunics and valves?

Answer 28

Lymphatic vessels

Question 29

What lymphatic organs are connected to lymph vessels and work to filter foreign or pathogenic material from lymph?

Answer 29

Lymph nodes

Question 30

What structure collects lymph from the right upper extremity the right side of the head and neck, and the right side of the thorax and returns it to the blood at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein?

Answer 30

Right lymphatic duct

Question 31

What structure collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, left upper extremity, left thorax, and all body regions inferior to the diaphragm?

Answer 31

Thoracic duct

Question 32

What rounded, saclike structure lies at the base of the thoracic duct?

Answer 32

Cisterna chyli

Question 33

What are small, round or oval structures that are located along the pathways of lymph vessels?

Answer 33

Lymph nodes

Question 34

List some clusters of lymph nodes that are palpable from the surface of the body?

Answer 34

Axillary lymph nodes Inguinal lymph nodes Cervical lymph nodes Cubital lymph nodes

Question 35

What is the organ of exchange between a mother and a fetus?

Answer 35

The placenta

Question 36

What structure carries blood between the fetus and the placenta?

Answer 36

The umbilical cord

Question 37

What blood vessels carry blood from the fetus to the placenta?

Answer 37

Umbilical arteries

Question 38

The umbilical arteries of the fetus become what structures after birth?

Answer 38

Medial umbilical ligaments

Question 39

What structure carries blood from the placenta to the fetus?

Answer 39

Umbilical vein

Question 40

The umbilical vein of the fetus becomes what structure after birth?

Answer 40

Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres)

Question 41

The umbilical vein enters the body of the fetus through the umbilicus and goes to the liver. There it delivers some blood to the liver. The remainder of the blood is taken to the inferior vena cava by what blood vessel?

Answer 41

Ductus venosus