The Age of Exploration Flashcards
(42 cards)
what were the reasons for Europeans to explore
- the influence of the renaissance
- the stories of marco polo
- New trade routes
- the fall of constantinople ( main route for spice trade)
- desire for empire
- spreading christianity
who are cartographers
people who draw maps
what did portolan charts do
they mapped handouts and coastlines more precisely developed by the portuguese
what did a quadrant and an astrolabe do
they helped determine a ship’s latitude by using the position of the stars and the sun
what does a compass do
identifies north
what did a log and line do
it measures the ships speed in knots. the line had knots evenly spaced out in it and a sailor would hold the line and throw the log overboard and measured the ships speed by how many knots passed through his hand in a given time.
where was the ships speed recorded
a logbook
what did a line and lead weight do
measured the depth of the water.
what was a caravel
a large and sturdy ship which was made to make long voyages and be able to sail in all winds
what were naos
bigger versions of caravels
describe life on board a ship
- sailors slept on deck
- work included raising sails, steering, cleaning and preparing food
- men were flogged or put in chains for breaking rules
- they would eat flat bread made from water, salt and flour called ships biscuit
- illnesses included typhoid and scurvy
what is mutiny
sailors rebelling against their captain
what were the symptoms of scurvy
exhaustion, tooth loss, vomiting and death
where were the first major voyages of discovery set out from
portugal
why did portugal want to travel
to find new trade routes so they could be rich and be protected from powerful neighbors
where did the portuguese attack
they attached muslim states in north africa and the african atlantic coast.
what did prince henry the navigator do
he set up the school of navigation at Sagres which brought together cartographers, instrument makers , astronomers and experienced sailors
why did the portuguese focus on exploring african coat
to find a way around africa to Asia
what places did the portuguese discover over the next following decades
the Azores, the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands
who was Bartolomeu dias and what did he do
he rounded the southern tip of africa (Cape of Good Hope)
what did Vasco de Gama do
he continued sailing up the eastern African coast and sailed from Kenya to Calicut in India
what were the results of De Gama proving it possible to sail around africa to reach india
- trade made portugal wealthy
- portugal established a large empire in Africa and Asia
- portugal gained control of the spice trade
- other european rulers wanted to copy portugal’s success by going on heir ownership voyages
where was Christopher Columbus born
Genoa in Italy
what did Columbus believe
he was convinced the planet was round
