The Age Of Exploration Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the reasons to explore the age of exploration?
The influence of the renaissance,the stories of Marco Polo,new trade routes,the fall of Constantinople,desire for empire,spreading Christianity
What are the advances in exploration?
Technological change: before this period European sailors usually stayed quiet close coastlines, several advances in technology made this possible
New maps: Cartographers (people who draw maps) maps become much more detailed, the Portuguese developed portolan charts, which mapped harbours and coastlines more precisely, a quaurant and astroable help determine a ship’s latitude (distance from the equator) by using the position of the stars and the sun, a compass was used to identify north so the direction a ship was sailing
What is caravel?
A type of ship large and sturdy enough to make long voyages and sail in all winds
What is conquistadores?
Spanish for “conquers”: soldiers who conquered indigenous America civilisations e.g. Aztec’s and Incas
What is colonisation?
When a country takes over another territory and settles some of its own people there to control it
What is slavery triangle?
The trade triangle whereby ships delivered African slaves to the Americans, American goods to Europe, and European-manufactured goods back to Africa
What is Columbian exchange?
The exchange of foods, animals and technologies between Europe and the Americans
What was tenoochital?
A city with over 25000 people located on an island
Who was the most important god that the aztecs worshipped
Huitzilopochtil who was a sun god
Who was hernán Cortes?
The azetec empire
What was cortés given?
They were given a salve girl called Malinche who spoke several languages
Who was the azetec king?
Montezuma
What did the axetecs believe ?
That one of their gods, Quetzalcoatl would return from the sea
Who did the Incas control?
They controlled a huge amount of territory in the Andes mountains, along the western coast of South America
Where was the Incas empire ruled from?
Cuzco
Who was Francisco Pizarro (1475-1541)?
was a Spanish solider serving in the new colonies who had a reputation for ruthless behaviour
Who was the Incan king?
Atahualpa
What was the impact of colonisation on the new world?
The indigenous population was decimated: In 1519 (the year Cortés arrived in the Aztec empire), the indigenous population of South America was roughly 25 million.
The destruction of cultures: The sharp decline in the indigenous population contributed to the loss of old and advanced civilisations.
The spread of Christianity: Priests, especially the Jesuits, set up the Catholic Church in the New World and carried out hundreds of thousands of conversions.
Massive growth in slave trade: As Catholics could not be taken as slaves, and there was a need to replace the indigenous workforce as they died off due to disease, millions of Africans were transported across the Atlantic
