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Advanced Anatomy + Physiology > The Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

The Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

Which parts of the skeleton make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

the lower and upper extremities

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2
Q

What are the two portions of each extremity?

A

the girdle

the limb

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3
Q

What is the primary function of the upper extremities?

A

movement

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4
Q

What does the upper extremity consist of?

A

the pectoral girdle and the upper limb

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5
Q

Describe the pectoral girdle

A
  • consists of the clavicle and scapula
  • articulates with the axial skeleton by a small sternoclavicular joint
  • held in position and stabilized by muscles
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6
Q

Describe the clavicle

A
  • horizontally-placed, S shaped long bone separating laterally the shoulder joint which allows a wide range of movement
  • anterior bone of the pectoral girdle
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7
Q

Describe the sternoclavicular joint

A

the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

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8
Q

describe the acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)

A

the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula forming the acromioclavicular joint

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9
Q

What is the medial end of the clavicle called? What does it look like?

A
  • sternal end

- round

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10
Q

what is the lateral end of the clavicle called? What does it look like?

A
  • acromial end

- flattened

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11
Q

Where is the coronoid tubercle of the clavicle located?

A

on the inferior surface of the acromial end of the clavicle

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12
Q

Describe the scapula

A
  • flat, triangular bone offering plenty area for muscle attachment
  • posterior bone of pectoral girdle
  • situated between levels of second and seventh rib
  • articulates with clavicle and humerous
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13
Q

What bone articulates with both the clavicle and the humerous?

A

the scapula

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14
Q

which bone articulates with both the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula?

A

the clavicle

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15
Q

What does the upper limb contain?

A
  • The arm: the humerous
  • the forearm: ulna + radius
  • the wrist: 8 carpal bones
  • the volar region: 5 metacarpal bones
  • the phalangeal region: 14 phalangeal bones
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16
Q

Which bones are in the skeleton of the arm?

A

only one: the humerous

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17
Q

Describe the skeleton of the arm

A
  • longest + largest bone of the upper limb
  • articulates proximally wth the scapula
  • articulates distally with the radius + ulna
  • most fractures of this bone occur in the surgical neck
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18
Q

What is the other name for the shoulder joint?

A

glenohumeral (GH) Joint

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19
Q

What type of joint is the GH joint?

A

ball and socket

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20
Q

Where is the GH Joint located?

A

between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerous

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21
Q

True or false: the GH joint is the least moveable joint in the body

A

false: the GH joint is the most freely moveable joint in the body

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22
Q

Why is the GH joint the most freely moveable joint in the body?

A
  1. loose capusle

2. shallow glenoid fossa + large head of the humerous

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23
Q

True or false: most the the strength in the GH joint comes from the ligaments

Study These Flashcards
A

false: ligaments of the joint only strengthen the capsule to some extent. Most of the strength of the joint results from the rotator cuff muscles that surround the joints

24
Q

What are the anatomical components of the GH Joint?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. articular capsule: thin + loose, weakest at inferior part
  2. four bursae
  3. Glenoid labrum
  4. three ligaments
25
How many bursae are in the GH Joint. What are their names?
Four: - subscapular - subdeltoid - subacromial - subcoracoid
26
What is the glenoid labrum?
fibrocartilage rim around the glenoid fossa
27
How many ligaments are part of the GH Joint? What are they called?
- three - coracohumeral - glenohumeral - transverse humeral
28
Describe the coracohumeral ligament of the GH Joint
strengthens superior + inferior part of the capsule
29
Describe the glenohumeral ligament of the GH Joint
plays a role in joint stabilization, minimal strength
30
Describe the transverse humeral ligament of the GH Joint
bridges the intertubular sulcus, holds the tendon of the biceps brachii
31
What are the movements of the GH joint?
flexion/extension abduction/adduction rotation circumduction
32
What bones compose the skeleton of the forearm?
raduis and ulna
33
Which bone of the forearm is larger? Is it medially or laterally located?
ulna, medially located
34
Which bone of the forearm is laterally placed?
radius
35
Radius or Ulna: narrows in distal end, widens in proximal end
ulna
36
Radius or Ulna: narrows in proximal end, widens in distal end
radius
37
Where do the ulna and the radius articulate with the humerous at the elbow?
- head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerous | - trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerous
38
Where do the ulna and the radius connect with each other?
- proximal ends - distal ends - interosseous membrane
39
Where does the radius articulate but the ulna does not?
the distal end of the radius articulates with three bones of the proximal carpal bones at the wrist joint
40
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
hinge
41
What are the articulating surfaces of the elbow joint?
- capitulum + head of radius | - trochlea + trochlear notch of ulna
42
what are the ligaments of the elbow joint?
- ulnar collateral - radial collateral - annular ligament of radius
43
What are the movements of the elbow joint?
- flexion/extension | - pronation/supination
44
What composes the proximal radioulnar joints?
head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
45
What composes the distal radioulnar notch?
head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius
46
What are the movements of the radioulnar joints?
the two joints move in combination for the rotation of the forearm
47
What is the carpal tunnel?
- anterior concave space formed by the pisiform and hamate medially + scaphiod and trapezium laterally - passage of the long flexor tendons
48
What is the flexor retinaculum?
roof like covering over carpal tunnel
49
Where do 70% of wrist fractures occur?
scaphoid
50
What type of joint is the wrist joint
condyloid
51
true or false: the head of the ulna is the articulating surface of the wrist joint
false: the head of the ulna is not part of the joint, a triangular fibrocartilage isolating the head is the articulating surfacde
52
What bones articulate to form the wrist joint?
scaphoid, lunate, triqueum, distal end of radius
53
What are the movements of the wrist joint?
- flexion/extension - abduction/adduction - circumduction
54
What are the movements of the phlangeal bones?
abduction/adduction extension/flexion /opposition/reposition n
55
How many bones do the metacarpal bones consist of?
5
56
How many bones does the phlangeal bones consist of?
14: 2 for thumb, 3/finger

Advanced Anatomy + Physiology (3 decks)

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