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The Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the electrical power sources of the heart?
What are the hard wiring cells of the heart?
What are the contractile cells of the heart?

A

Pacemaker Cells
Electrical Conducting Cells
Myocardial Cells

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2
Q

One electrical cycle of depolarization and repolarization from a single cell gives an electrical tracing called?

A

An Action Potential

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3
Q

Resting membrane potential of the heart

A

-90mV

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4
Q

Normal rate of the SA node

A

60-100

It is the normal pacemaker cell of the heart

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5
Q

What allows the action potential to travel from the right atrium to the left atrium?

A

Bachman’s Bundle

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6
Q

What is the electrical pathway of the ventricles called?

A

Purkinje system

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7
Q

What ion is released intracellularly that causes contraction?

A

Calcium

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8
Q

EKG paper usually moves at _____

At this speed, each large square represents _____ seconds

A

25 mm/sec

0.2 seconds

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9
Q

In amplitude, one small square represents_____

and one large square represents_______

A
  1. 1mV

0. 5mV

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10
Q

If you reduce standardization by 1/2, the QRS complex_____

A

Shrinks (by 1/2)

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11
Q

The P wave shows

A

depolarization of the atria

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12
Q

The first part of the p wave represents____

A

right atrial depolarization

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13
Q

What causes the brief pause before the electrical signal is passed from the atria to the ventricles?

A

The AV node

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14
Q

Why is the pause created by the AV node important?

A

Allows the atria to finish contracting and empty their contents before ventricular contraction occurs

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15
Q

Vagal stimulation does what to current flowing through the AV node

A

Slows the current further

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16
Q

Flow of current through the Ventricles:

A

Right Side:
Bundle of His
Right Bundle Branch
Purkinje Fibers

Left Side:
Bundle of His
Left Bundle Branch
Septal fascicle, Anterior fascicle, Posterior fascicle
Purkinje Fibers
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17
Q

What does the QRS represent?

A

ventricular depolarization

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18
Q

What fascicle runs along the anterior wall of the left ventricle?

A

Anterior Fascicle

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19
Q

What fascicle depolarizes the IV septum in a left to right direction?

A

Septal fascicle

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20
Q

In the QRS complex:
First deflection downward=
First downward deflection following and upward deflection=

A

Q wave

S wave

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21
Q

In the QRS complex:
First upward deflection=
Second upward deflection=

A

R wave

R’ wave

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22
Q

If the entire QRS is solely one downward deflection, the wave is called

A

QS wave

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23
Q

The T wave represents

A

Ventricular repolarization

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24
Q

Straight line connecting 2 waves=

A

Segment

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25
Straight line connecting 1 wave plus a straight line
Interval
26
PR Interval measures
start of atrial depolarization to start of ventricular depolarization
27
PR segment measures
end of atrial depol to start of ventricular depol
28
St segment measures
end of ventricular depol to start of ventricular repolarization
29
QT interval measures
beginning of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization
30
A depolarization wave moving towards a positive electrode cause a ________ deflection
Positive
31
A depolarization wave moving away from a positive electrode causes a _________ deflection
Negative
32
A depolarization wave moving perpendicular to a positive electrode causes a _________ deflection
Biphasic Wave
33
A wave of repolarization moving towards a positive electrode causes a ________ deflection
Negative
34
The limb leads create what kind of plane?
Vertical Plane= Frontal Plane
35
The three standard limb leads are:
Bipolar | Lead I, Lead II, Lead III
36
Lead I angle of orientation is | The left arm is ____ and the right arm is ____
0 degrees | Left arm positive, right arm negative
37
Lead II angle of orientation is
+60
38
Lead III angle of orientation is
+120
39
Lead I + Lead III=
Lead II
40
The three augmented unipolar leads are
aVL, a VR, and aVF
41
Lead aVL angle of orientation is
-30
42
Lead aVR angle of orientation is
-150
43
Lead aVF angle of orientation is
+90
44
P wave voltage sum of | aVR + aVL + aVF=
0
45
Inferior Leads=
Lead II, III, and aVF
46
Left Lateral Leads=
Leads I, aVL
47
Right sided limb lead=
aVR
48
Precordial leads record forces moving____ & _____
anteriorly & posteriorly
49
In women what leads are placed under the breasts?
Leads V3 to V6
50
V1 is placed V2 is placed V3 is placed
in the 4th intercostal space to right of sternum 4th intercostal space to left of sternum Between V2 and V4
51
V4 is placed V5 is placed V6 is placed
5th intercostal space, midclavicular line Between V4 and V6 5th intercostal space in midaxillary line
52
What body surface should you never use to locate position of electrodes
nipples
53
The positive pole for each chest lead points
Anteriorly, toward the front of the chest
54
A wave of depolarization moving towards a positive limb lead creates an ______ deflection
Upward
55
Positive P waves are expected in leads
I, aVL, II, aVF V5, V6
56
A biphasic p wave is expected in leads
Lead III V1
57
Negative P waves are expected in leads
aVR
58
In any square the P wave amplitude is typically less than
.25mV or 2.5 small squares
59
Initial negative deflection of the Q wave may be seen in leads
I, aVL, V5, V6
60
Normal Q waves have an amplitude no greater than
.1mv
61
Large positive R waves may be seen in
left lateral and inferior leads
62
Transition zone or leads in which QRS complex goes from mostly negative to mostly positive is typically seen in
V3 or V4
63
QRS complex generally lasts
.06 to .1 seconds
64
ST segment is generally _______ in ____ leads
Horizontal or gently up slopping in all leads
65
Normal T wave is always negative in lead_____ but positive in lead_____
Negative in aVR | Positive in lead II
66
If the T wave is positive in any chest lead it must ________ or it is abnormal
remain positive in all the chest leads to the left of that lead
67
Normal T wave amplitude is
1/3 to 2/3 that of the corresponding R wave
68
In a normal QT interval the_____ is wider than the ____
T wave is wider than the QRS

DMS EKG (9 decks)

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