The Basics

Question 1

What are the different ways of representing organic compounds?

Answer 1

Types of formula:

1. general formula
2. empirical formula
3. molecular formula
4. structural formula
5. skeletal formula
6. displayed formula

Question 2

General formula

• What does it show you?
• Formula for Butan-1-ol?

Answer 2

• An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds

Question 3

Empirical formula

• What does it show you?
• Formula for Butan-1-ol?

Answer 3

Question 4

Molecular formula

• What does it show you?
• Formula for Butan-1-ol?

Answer 4

Question 5

Structural formula

• What does it show you?
• Formula for Butan-1-ol?

Answer 5

Question 6

Displayed formula

• What does it show you?
• Formula for Butan-1-ol?

Answer 6

Question 7

Skeletal formula

• What does it show you?
• Formula for Butan-1-ol?

Answer 7

Question 8

What is a functional group?

Answer 8

a group of atoms in a molecule responsible for the characteristic reactions of that compounds.

Question 9

What is a homologous series?

Answer 9

a homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula.

Question 10

What is characteristic of a homologous series?

Answer 10

Consecutive members of a homologous series differ by _CH2-

Question 11

What are alkanes?

Answer 11

straight chain molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 12

What is the general formula of the 17th member of the alkanes?

Answer 12

C17H(2x17)+2 =C17H36

Question 13

Wha rae the prefixes or suffixes of the following homologous series?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the different types of carbon skeleton?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is it called if an aliphatic compound contains a ring?

Answer 15

I an aliphatic compound contains a (non-aromatic) ring, then it is called alicyclic.

Question 16

What are the two differnt types of organic compound?

Answer 16

Saturated - contains only C-C single bonds

Unsaturated - can contain C=C, (carbon-carbon double bonds), triple bonds or aromatic groups.

Question 17

What is an alkyl group?

Answer 17

A fragment of a molecule with with a general formula CnH2n+1

Question 18

What is an alkyl group?

Answer 18

Question 19

What is meant by the term nomenclature?

Answer 19

Nomenclature is the naming of organic compounds.

Question 20

What are the rules of nomenclature?

Answer 20

Question 21

e.g. of nomenclature CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH2CH3)C(CH3)2OH

Answer 21

Question 22

What are isomers?

What are the 2 types of isomers?

Answer 22

• molecules with the same molecular formula but with a diff. arrangement of atoms.
• types:
  1. structural isomers - although the molecular is the same the structura formula (the way the atoms are arranged) is different.
  2. stereoisomers

Question 23

What are the structural arrangements of structural isomers?

Answer 23

1. chain isomers
2. postional isomers
3. functional group isomers

Question 24

What do you need to remember about chain isomers?

Answer 24

Question 25

What do you need to remeber about positional isomers?

Answer 25

Question 26

What do you need to remember about functional group isomers?

Answer 26

Question 27

Why do you get molecules that that look like isomeers that aren't? e.g.?

Answer 27

- Atoms can rotate as much as they like around singleC-C bonds. - Remember this when you work out structral isomers - sometimes what looks like an isomer, isn't.