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Psychology > the basis of behaviour > Flashcards

the basis of behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What does the agonist do?

A

it mimics neurotransmitter action

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2
Q

What does the antagonist do?

A

it opposes action of a neurotransmitter

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3
Q

What can drugs do to synapses?

A

It can block receptor sites

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4
Q

How do neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites?

A

Lock and key method

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5
Q

What are monoamines?

A

dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

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6
Q

What causes Parkinson’s?

A

Low levels of dopamine (da)

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7
Q

What causes schizophrenia?

A

High levels of dopamine

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8
Q

What causes depression?

A

low levels of norepinephrine (ne)

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9
Q

What does serotonin control?

A

Sleep and aggression

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10
Q

What can low levels of serotonin cause?

A

Eating disorders & OCD- dysregulation of 5HT sites (low levels of 5HT)

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11
Q

What does GABA do?

A

Produce inhibitory PSP’s

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12
Q

What does glutamate do?

A

excitatory

Involved in learning & memory

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13
Q

What do endorphins do?

A

mimic opiates & induce pleasure

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14
Q

Functions of acetylcholine?

A
  • activates motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles
  • contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal, and memory
  • some ACh receptors can be stimulated by nicotine
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15
Q

Functions of dopamine

A
  • contributes to control of volountary movement, pleasureable emotions
  • decreased levels are associated with Parkinson’s
  • overactivity at da synapses are associated with schizophrenia
  • cocaine and amphetamines elevate activity at da synapses
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16
Q

functions of norepinephrine

A
  • contributes to modulation of mood and arousal

- cocaine and amphetamines elevate activity at ne synapses

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17
Q

Functions of serotonin

A
  • involved in regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating, aggression
  • abnormal levels contribute to depression and obsessive compulsive disorder
  • prozac and similar medications affect serotonin circuits
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18
Q

functions of GABA

A
  • serves as widely distributed inhibitory transmitter

- valium and similar antianxiety drugs work at gaba synapses

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19
Q

functions of endorphins

A
  • resemble opiate drugs in structure and effects

- contributes to pain relief and maybe pleasurable emotions

20
Q

what do glia cells do?

A

structural support, insulation, and communication

21
Q

What do neurons do

A

communicate

22
Q

what is the soma

A

the cell body

23
Q

what do dendrites do

A

receive chemical signals

24
Q

what does the axon do

A

transmit away

25
Q

what does the axon hillock do?

A

control the firing of neurons

26
Q

what does the myelin sheath help

A

speed of transmission

27
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers

28
Q

what does the terminal button do

A

secrete neurotransmitters, end of axon

29
Q

what is the resting potential of a neuron

A

-70 millivolts

30
Q

what happens when the neuron is at rest

A

negative charge on inside, positive on outside

31
Q

what happens when neuron is stimulates

A

positive sodium ions flow in

32
Q

where are the lobes of the brain

A

occipital - back
temporal - side/ lower
frontal - front
parietal - on top of temporal

33
Q

what is afferent

A

toward the CNS

34
Q

what is efferent

A

toward the CNS

35
Q

somatic is

A

volountary

36
Q

autonomic is

A

involountary

37
Q

sympathetic is

A

go

38
Q

parasympathetic is

A

stop

39
Q

what are the ways to study the brain

A

EEGs, damage studies, electrical stimulation (esb), transcranial magnetic stimulation, brain imaging like CAT, PET, or MRI scans

40
Q

what are the vital functions of the hindbrain

A

medulla, pons, and cerebellum

41
Q

what are vital functions of midbrain

A

sensory functions, sleep, arousal, breathing, pain

42
Q

vital functions of forebrain

A

emotion, complex thought - thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebrum, cerebral cortex

43
Q

what does the left hemisphere of the cerebrum specialize in

A

verbal processing, language, speech, reading, and writing

44
Q

what does the right hemisphere of the cerebrum specialize in

A

nonverbal processing, spatial, musical, visual recognition

45
Q

where is the corpus callosum

A

between the two hemispheres, transmits info between them

46
Q

what are the two areas of the left side of the brain

A

brocas area - speech production

wernickes area - language comprehension

Psychology (5 decks)

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