the basis of behaviour

Question 1

What does the agonist do?

Answer 1

it mimics neurotransmitter action

Question 2

What does the antagonist do?

Answer 2

it opposes action of a neurotransmitter

Question 3

What can drugs do to synapses?

Answer 3

It can block receptor sites

Question 4

How do neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites?

Answer 4

Lock and key method

Question 5

What are monoamines?

Answer 5

dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

Question 6

What causes Parkinson’s?

Answer 6

Low levels of dopamine (da)

Question 7

What causes schizophrenia?

Answer 7

High levels of dopamine

Question 8

What causes depression?

Answer 8

low levels of norepinephrine (ne)

Question 9

What does serotonin control?

Answer 9

Sleep and aggression

Question 10

What can low levels of serotonin cause?

Answer 10

Eating disorders & OCD- dysregulation of 5HT sites (low levels of 5HT)

Question 11

What does GABA do?

Answer 11

Produce inhibitory PSP’s

Question 12

What does glutamate do?

Answer 12

excitatory

Involved in learning & memory

Question 13

What do endorphins do?

Answer 13

mimic opiates & induce pleasure

Question 14

Functions of acetylcholine?

Answer 14

• activates motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles
• contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal, and memory
• some ACh receptors can be stimulated by nicotine

Question 15

Functions of dopamine

Answer 15

• contributes to control of volountary movement, pleasureable emotions
• decreased levels are associated with Parkinson’s
• overactivity at da synapses are associated with schizophrenia
• cocaine and amphetamines elevate activity at da synapses

Question 16

functions of norepinephrine

Answer 16

• contributes to modulation of mood and arousal

- cocaine and amphetamines elevate activity at ne synapses

Question 17

Functions of serotonin

Answer 17

• involved in regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating, aggression
• abnormal levels contribute to depression and obsessive compulsive disorder
• prozac and similar medications affect serotonin circuits

Question 18

functions of GABA

Answer 18

• serves as widely distributed inhibitory transmitter

- valium and similar antianxiety drugs work at gaba synapses

Question 19

functions of endorphins

Answer 19

• resemble opiate drugs in structure and effects

- contributes to pain relief and maybe pleasurable emotions

Question 20

what do glia cells do?

Answer 20

structural support, insulation, and communication

Question 21

What do neurons do

Answer 21

communicate

Question 22

what is the soma

Answer 22

the cell body

Question 23

what do dendrites do

Answer 23

receive chemical signals

Question 24

what does the axon do

Answer 24

transmit away

Question 25

what does the axon hillock do?

Answer 25

control the firing of neurons

Question 26

what does the myelin sheath help

Answer 26

speed of transmission

Question 27

what are neurotransmitters

Answer 27

chemical messengers

Question 28

what does the terminal button do

Answer 28

secrete neurotransmitters, end of axon

Question 29

what is the resting potential of a neuron

Answer 29

-70 millivolts

Question 30

what happens when the neuron is at rest

Answer 30

negative charge on inside, positive on outside

Question 31

what happens when neuron is stimulates

Answer 31

positive sodium ions flow in

Question 32

where are the lobes of the brain

Answer 32

occipital - back temporal - side/ lower frontal - front parietal - on top of temporal

Question 33

what is afferent

Answer 33

toward the CNS

Question 34

what is efferent

Answer 34

toward the CNS

Question 35

somatic is

Answer 35

volountary

Question 36

autonomic is

Answer 36

involountary

Question 37

sympathetic is

Answer 37

go

Question 38

parasympathetic is

Answer 38

stop

Question 39

what are the ways to study the brain

Answer 39

EEGs, damage studies, electrical stimulation (esb), transcranial magnetic stimulation, brain imaging like CAT, PET, or MRI scans

Question 40

what are the vital functions of the hindbrain

Answer 40

medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Question 41

what are vital functions of midbrain

Answer 41

sensory functions, sleep, arousal, breathing, pain

Question 42

vital functions of forebrain

Answer 42

emotion, complex thought - thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebrum, cerebral cortex

Question 43

what does the left hemisphere of the cerebrum specialize in

Answer 43

verbal processing, language, speech, reading, and writing

Question 44

what does the right hemisphere of the cerebrum specialize in

Answer 44

nonverbal processing, spatial, musical, visual recognition

Question 45

where is the corpus callosum

Answer 45

between the two hemispheres, transmits info between them

Question 46

what are the two areas of the left side of the brain

Answer 46

brocas area - speech production | wernickes area - language comprehension