The Body and Mind in Motion Flashcards
(22 cards)
Stucture and Function of the skeletal system
What are ligaments
Fiborous band that connects bone to bone
What are tendons
Inelastic cord of tissue that connects muscle to bone
What is synovial fluid
Lubricant for joints cushioning bones during movement
What is articular cartilage
Smooth connective tissue found at the end of bones where they meet to form joints
Identify the 6 synovial joints and provide a description for each
Ball and socket: Joint that can rotate in any direction e.g shoulder
Hinge: Allows bending for flexion and tension e.g knee
Gliding: Allows bones to glide past each other e.g wrist and ankle
Pivot: Provide rotation at the top of the spine allowing rotation for head
Condyloid: Allows circular motion, flexion and tension e.g wrist
Saddle: Allow tension and flexion e.g thumb
Identify the three types of muscles and provide a description
Cardiac muscle is responsible for making the heart beat by an involuntary response.
Smooth muscles line the wall of hollow internal organs in an involuntary response.
Skeletal muscles produce movement through a voluntary response
Describe the relationship between the skeletal and muscular systems and movement
The skeleton and muscles work together by providing the body with shape and stability, protecting vital organs, and producing all voluntary movement necessary for daily activities.
Outline the different structures that make up skeletal muscles
Skeletal muscles have muscle fibres containing blood vessels that are wrapped in fascia. Within the muscle fibres are myofibrils containing repeated sections of sarcomere. Sarcomere contains actin and myosin that allow movement
Identify and describe the two types of mucle fibres
Fast-twitch muscle fibres contract quickly and reach peak tension quickly, fatiguing rapidly.
Slow-twitch muscle fibres contract slowly and release energy gradually to provide sustained efforts.
Identify and describe the 3 different types of muscle contractions
Isotonic concentric is where the muscle shortens
Isotonic eccentric is where the muscle lengthens
Isometric contraction causes no change in the muscle but is used to maintain a stable position
Describe the 3 types of muscle relations
The agonist is the muscle that’s causing the most action and doing the most work.
The antagonist is the muscle that is lengthened to allow the agonist to contract.
The stabiliser is the muscle acting as a joint, giving the muscle a fixed base.
What are the main functions of the respiratory and circulatory system
The main function of ___ is to transport oxygenated blood around the body and deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs, distribute vital nutrients and remove metabolic waste, and maintain thermoregulation while maintaining fluid volume.
Identify the major structures of the respirtory system
Nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, rings of cartilage, bronchus, alveoli, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm
Describe the following: Red blood cells, Haemoglobin, White blood cells, Platelets, and Plasma
Red blood cells are disc-shaped cells that transport oxygen around the body and are produced in the bone marrow.
Haemoglobin is a protein found in RBCs that carries oxygen around the body
White blood cells are a part of the immune system, vital for protecting the body, and produced in the bone marrow.
Platelets are fragments of cells found in blood, responsible for clotting.
Plasma is a straw coloured liquid component of blood that carries blood cells and other components.
Describe the two chambers of the heart
The atria is the upper, thin-walled chamber that receives blood coming back to the heart.
The ventricles are the lower, thick-walled chambers that pump blood from the heart to the body.
Difference between arteries, veins, and capilaries
Arteries carry oxygen away from the heart that capillaries connect arteries to veins so deoxygenated blood can travel back to the heart
Outline what pulmonary circulation is
Pulmonary circulation is the process of the right side of the heart delivering deoxygenated blood to the lungs so carbon dioxide can be dropped off.
Outline what systemic circulation is
Systemic circulation is the process of the left side of the heart recieving oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivering it via the arteries to the rest of the body.
Describe gaseous exchange
During inspriation, aveoli are supplied with oxygen that is then transported in the alveolar-capillary wall so arties can be supplied with oxygen and veins can remove carbon dioxide through diffusion.
How does oxygen enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide leave
O2 from inspiration enters the bloodstream through the alveolar-capillary wall through diffusion where it attaches itself to haemoglobin in the RBC, while CO2 moves from veins across the alveolar-capillary wall into the alveoli.
Why is an efficient respiratory and circulatory system important for optimal performance in physical activity?
Circulatory and respiratory system need to be efficient in pumping oxygenated blood around the body so muscles can constantly generate energy and work effectively in minimizing fatigue.
