The Body At Work- Respiratory System

Question 1

functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

. transport air into lungs
. diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream
. removing CO2 and other gases from the blood

Question 2

function mouth, nose, nasal cavity

Answer 2

warms, filters and moistens the incoming air

Question 3

function trachea

Answer 3

carries air from the throat into the lungs and has tiny hairs called cilia, which catch particles of dust that are removed through coughing

Question 4

function bronchi

Answer 4

branches off into the left and right lungs

Question 5

function bronchioles

Answer 5

smaller in diameter and lead to the alveolar sacs

Question 6

functions aleoli

Answer 6

individual, hollow cavities contained within alveolar sacs where gases are exchanged

Question 7

function diaphragm

Answer 7

broad band of muscle that sits underneath the lungs, attached to the lower ribs and sternum and forms base of the thoracic cavity

Question 8

inspiration

Answer 8

. when you breathe in the external intercostal muscles pull the chest walls down and out.
. the diaphragm muscle below the lungs contracts and flattens, increasing the size of the chest and pressure falls.
. this causes air to rush in through nose or mouth.

Question 9

diffusion

Answer 9

gases diffuse down a concentration gradient from an area of high conc to an area of low conc.
After breathing in, the alveoli have a high conc of O2 while blood capillaries have a low conc. O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood capillaries to even out the concentration, while CO2 diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli so it can be breathed out.

Question 10

Expiration

Answer 10

When you breathe out your external intercostal muscles relax so the chest wall moves down and in.
. The diaphragm below the lungs relaxes and bulges up, reducing the size of the chest, pressure increases.
. Air pushed up the trachea and out the nose or mouth

Question 11

inspiration during exercise

Answer 11

external intercostal muscle
diaphragm 
sternocleidomastiod 
scalenes
pectoral minor 
CONTRACT

Question 12

expiration during exercise

Answer 12

internal intercostal muscles
abdominal muscles
CONTACT

Question 13

vital capacity

Answer 13

maximum amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration. Varies between individuals, exercise can improve your vital capacity by expanding the lungs further to take in extra O2

Question 14

Minute ventilation

Answer 14

tidal vol x respiratory rate

increases during exercise, when the breathing rate quickens and each breath becomes deeper

Question 15

short term effects of exercising on respiratory system

Answer 15

. changes are detected in the conc of CO2 and O2, this triggers an increase in breathing rate
. intercostal muscles and diaphragm work harder to expand the thoracic cavity to draw in more air

Question 16

long term effects of optimal training on respiratory system

Answer 16

. respiratory muscles (diaphragm and intercostal muscle) increase in size
. an increase in vital capacity allows for greater intake of air
. an increase in the number and diameter of capillaries surrounding the alveoli allows for more efficient gaseous exchange