THE BOOM Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
When did the boom happen
A
1920-29
2
Q
Why did the Boom start
A
Advertising Consumer demands Confidence Mass production Shares Republicans policies
3
Q
What car was mass produced
A
Model T
4
Q
How quickly were model T cars produced
A
6 every minute
5
Q
What was the mass production line based on
A
Chicago food production
6
Q
What affect did the boom have on car production
A
Mass production of Model T in Detroit
7
Q
Why could the model t be mass produced
A
Only one car colour and engine style
8
Q
Who invented the model T
A
Henry Ford
9
Q
Model t Effects on America
A
Car production used 20% of steel 80% rubber 75% plate glass 65% of leather So jobs were created
10
Q
Positives of mass production of cars
A
More transport for average people
Jobs were created
Sense of freedom
People could by houses out of town and drive to work
11
Q
Negative effects of mass production of cars
A
Traffic
More pollution
12
Q
Why did the economic boom happen 5
A
WW1 Republican government Consumer society Mass production New ways to buy and sell
13
Q
Why did the First World War start to boom 4
A
-USA stayed out of the war initially following their policy of isolationism
-america could prosper - loaned money
To Britain
-created many jobs for Americans
-USA led the world in production of medicines dyes and other materials
14
Q
Why did a consumer society help start the economic boom 3
A
- number of us homes with electricity grew rapidly from 15% in 1916 to 70% in 1927
- this meant there were modern electric powered items such as vacuums, radios, telephones and refrigerators
- huge demand for there goods created jobs in the factories that made them
15
Q
Why did the role of the republican government help start the boom
A
-the Ford McCumber tax meant there were high taxes on foreign goods. Meaning Americans bought more US goods creating more jobs
-cut taxes paid by rich meaning they invested more money in starting businesses creating more jobs
-taxes were low so people had more disposable income
-Laissez-fair meant businesses were left to get
on creating wealth
16
Q
Why did mass production help start the boom 2
A
- growth of Motor industry boosted US economy - used large quantities of steel, leather, rubber and glass. More jobs were created
- many American businesses used mass production and as they got quicker their goods became quicker
17
Q
How did new ways to buy and sell help start the boom 3
A
- colourful billboards, newspapers and magazines urged people to buy latest gadgets to keep up with their friends. This led to a boost in sales
- catalogues made buying east and good could be delivered to your door
- hire purchase meant buyers could pay for goods in small instalments over a fixed period. Six out of ten cars were bought this way
18
Q
Is WW1 a trigger or underlying cause
A
Trigger
19
Q
Is mass production a trigger or underlying cause
A
Underlying cause
20
Q
Is republican policy a trigger or underlying cause
A
Trigger cause
21
Q
Was consumerism a trigger or underlying cause
A
Underlying
22
Q
Are shares a trigger or underlying cause
A
Underlying cause
23
Q
Was American confidence a trigger or underlying cause
A
Underlying cause
24
Q
How did shades cause the boom
A
People bought a share of the company to make a profit
25
How did American confidence trigger the boom
They took risks and generated success
26
What happened to entertainment during the boom
```
New music - jazz
New dances - Charleston
Hollywood - Chaplin/Valentino
1927- first talkie
Sport-baseball and boxing
-babe Ruth got a sponsorship to endorse products
Cotton club
```
27
What was the most popular music genre
Jazz
28
What were the new dance moves
Charleston
29
What were jazz origins
Slave music
30
What were the popular sports
Base ball and boxing
31
Who did entertainment affect
Main cities where there were cinemas
| Mainly the rich who can afford it
32
What was happening with construction
```
New buildings
Skyscrapers
Roads
Motels
Diners
Factories
```
33
Who did construction affect
Gave men new jobs
34
What is a share
When someone invests money into a company and then they receive a share of the profits
35
what affect did shares have on America
All Americans invested, not just the rich
| In 1920 there were 4 million people who owned shares. In 1929 there were 5 times as many
36
What problems did the old industry face during the Boom
Cotton and wool industries suffered too because there was less demand for their products due to new man-made fibres, such as rayon. Smaller dresses also used less fabric
37
What problems did farmers face
after WW1 farmers had sold crops to Europe. As Europe’s farms began to recover there were less import demand and countries but taxes on crops
60% were below the poverty line
In 1924 around 600,000 farmers lost their farms
38
What problems did African Americans face
The majority lived in southern American states on farms as labourers where conditions were appealing
Jim Crow Laws
KKK in 1925 there were 500 million
39
What problems did Native Americans face
Most of their land was seized by mining companies
Had to move to reservations were land was infertile and near impossible to grow crops
In 1920s most Native Americans live in extreme poverty
40
Why did the older generation dislike jazz
It encouraged drunkenness
Too sexual
Disliked African American origins
41
2 jazz singers
Louis Armstrong
| Duke Ellington
42
What famous actors were there 3
Chaplin
Valentino
Clara bow
43
How many films were being made per year
In 1929 there were 500 films a year
44
When was the jazz singer released
| What did it include
1927
| Included the first talkie
45
What sport celebrities were there
Babe Ruth
| Bobby Jones
46
What helped sport become popular
Radio broadcasts
Magazines
Newspapers
47
What were women like before the war 4
Upper and middle clases couldn’t vote
had to act politely and wear sensible clothing with little makeup
Relationships with men were strictly controlled
Poorer women had fewer opportunities and lower paid jobs
48
What happened to women during WW1 4
Women took over men’s jobs at factories
The money they earned gave them independence
In 1920 women were given the right to vote
By 1929 there were 10.5 million women in jobs 25% more than in 1920
49
2 flappers
Josephine baker
| Clara bow
50
What were the characteristics of flappers 5
Smoked
Short dresses
Lots of make up
Nightclubs with men until early hours of morning
Mainly middle and upper class women from northern states
51
Who criticised flappers
Traditional members of society thought they were evil and threatened traditional and religious values
Anti flirt league protested against the flappers behaviour
52
Which women were effected by the boom
In the south and rural areas life continued
These Women worked and didn’t have enough money for luxuries
Still not equal - women earned less than men in the same jobs
53
When did the prohibition happen
1920-1933
54
What were the 4 reasons prohibition was introduced
Morality
Religious organisations
Patriotism
Ritual America
55
Why did morality help introduce the prohibition
Alcohol was seen to some to be contributing to a decline in moral values.
Some believed America would be better and healthier without alcohol
56
Why did religious organisations help introduced prohibition
They opposed it because they claimed it caused social problems like poverty addiction and debt
57
Why did patriotism help introduced the prohibition
Many beers were made in Germany
| During WW1 it was argued that Americans who drink those beers were traitors
58
Why did rural America help introduced the prohibition
Saw cities as alcohol fuelled violent places
| Campaigns against alcohol were led by pressure groups like the Anti-Saloon league
59
How many prohibition agents were employed to try and enforce the law
1500
60
What problems did they face in enforcing prohibition
- USA had 18,600 miles of coastline so hard to stop bootleg alcohol smuggled in
- people were willing to break the law to drink
- it was easy to get alcohol because criminal gangs ran speakeasies and made moonshine
- criminal gangs made so much money they were able to bribe police prohibition and border officers and even judges
61
Who was al Capone
Organised crime leader
| Made $2 million a week through organised crime
62
How many speakeasies were there in America
200,000
63
How many speakeasies were there in New York
30,000
64
What was the AAPA and what did they do
Against prohibition
| Argued that prohibition was a threat to a persons rights to drink
65
Why did prohibition end
In 1932 presidential election campaign Roosevelt gained many votes because he opposed prohibition
In 1933 he won the election and got rid of prohibition
66
what was the impact of prohibition on society
It was argued that if alcohol was legalised again. Lots of legal jobs would be created in the brewing industry
The government could also tax the alcohol itself so the government would make money rather than gangsters
67
How many immigrations emigrated to America
Between 1859 and 1914 around 40 million people emigrated to America
68
Why did immigrants move to America 7
- European towns were overcrowded and land was expensive
- lots of jobs in America in steel coal and textile production and in car industries
- America land was cheap in fertile and rich in natural resources such as coal iron cotton oil and timber
- in Europe there was a lot of poverty and terrible housing, poor health and bad diet
- much of Europe was still divided by class. It was difficult for the working class to improve their life
- standard of living/salary in America was high
- various religious groups were persecuted in Europe
- America prides itself on the idea that everyone had the right to success ‘the America dream’
69
What was the impact of immigration 4
- in the late 1800s and early 1900s more immigrants began to arrive from southern and Eastern Europe
- large ethnic communities developed in larger cities
- in some cities immigrants were often resented because usually they were poor and couldn’t speak English well
- WW1 added to American suspicion of immigrants. In 1917 Russian revolution citizens had talked over banks and business. They feared Russian immigrants would do the same
70
What was the immigrant experience 4
Some had great success
However for many working and living conditions were generally poor and difficult
Many were poorly educated and willing to work for very low wages
Consequently some felt that the immigrants were out to steal jobs
71
What were the immigration laws
| 3
- 1917 Literacy Act banned entry to any immigrant over the age of 16 who could not read a sentence of 40 words
- 1921 Immigration Quota Law - allowed 350,000 immigrants to enter each year
- 1924 National Origins Act allowed only 150,000 immigrants to enter each year
72
Why was there racial tension
In 1865 slavery was abolished in the USA but there was still a lot of discrimination
White politicians often driven by racial prejudice passed laws such as Jim Crow Laws to keep segregation
African Americans were stopped using the same restaurants hotels swimming pools and cemeteries and the military
Some states banned mixed race marriage
73
What was the black reniassance 4
- some African Americans flourished in northern cities
- Harlem in New York became a centre for creativity black culture writers artists and musicians
- white costumers were attracted to those areas because of jazz and excitement
- some Africans Americans even entered politics. In 1910 WEB Du Bois set up the NAACP worked to improve the rights of African Americans
74
What problems did African Americans faces once they left the south 4
- many left the southern states to head north. However they still faced problems
- African Americans were always the last to be hired and the first to be fired
- occupies worst housing and in poorest areas
- some factories employed white workers only or paid black workers the lowest wages
- 1919 race riot after a black youth accidentally entered a whites only beach in Chicago
75
What was the KKK
| What were the aims
A racist terror group with members of around 5 million in 1925
The aims were to maintain white supremacy over African Americans
Found in the 1860s to terrorise African Americans. African Americans were beaten up or even killed in hope they would be too scared to register to vote
76
What were the KKK methods
Dressed in white hoods and sheets. Carried US flags
Their methods of violence and intimidation included whipping branding kidnapping castrating and lynching
77
Why did the KKK become popular again
In a 1915 Hollywood Film ‘a birth of a nation’ showed klansmen saving white families from violent black criminals. It attracted a huge audience and by 1925 KKK members reached 5 million
78
Who were the KKK 3
Most members were white and poor mainly from rural areas in the southern states
They looked for someone to blame for their poverty do turned on Jews, African Americans, catholic’s, and immigrants.
They believed that black people and immigrants willingness to work for lower wages took jobs from white people
79
What happened at the Palmer raids
6,000 communists arrested
Made immigrants scared
3 guns found + no explosive
80
Why was there fear of immigrants
In 1901 anarchist Leon Fran Czolgosz short dead US president William McKinley
in 1919 an American Communist Party has been set up so industrial was unrest
Were concerned of a communist revolution like in Russia 1917 could happen in America as they let 1.5 million Russians into America
81
What was the Sacco and Vanzetti Cade
1920 Robbers stole $150,000 from a shoe factory in Massachusetts and killed 2
One month later Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested
Trial was biased and unfair
Eg 61 eye witnesses said they were there and 107 said they were elsewhere
Witnesses disagreed about what the men were wearing that night
Other men confessed to the murders
Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927 by electric chair and pardoned in 1977
