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CLINICAL ANATOMY- UPPER EXTREMITY > The Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

The Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches that come out of the brachial plexus?

A

axillary nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve

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2
Q

What do the roots of the brachial plexus originate from?

A

ventral rami of the spinal nerves

[C4]C5-T1)

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3
Q

What makes up the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

The anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunk

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4
Q

What makes up the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

The posterior divisions of all 3 trunks (upper, middle, lower)

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5
Q

What makes up the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

The anterior division of the lower trunk

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6
Q

What muscles are innervated by the nerves arising from the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior compartment of the upper limb

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7
Q

What muscles are innervated by the nerves arising from the posterior divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

posterior compartment of the upper limb

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8
Q

What nerves arise from the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

dorsal scapular, long thoracic

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9
Q

Spinal nerves of the dorsal scapular nerve

A

C4-C5

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10
Q

Function of dorsal scapular nerve

A

postganglionic sympathetic and motor information (NOT SENSORY) to levator scapulae and rhomboids

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11
Q

Spinal nerves of long thoracic nerve

A

C5-7

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12
Q

Function of long thoracic nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic, sympathetic, and motor to serratus anterior

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13
Q

What nerves do not provide sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, OR motor innervation to muscles, viscera/vessels, and skin?

A

DO NOT PROVIDE MOTOR INNERVATION- medial cutaneous of arm, medial cutaneous of the forearm, superficial branch of the radial nerve

DO NOT PROVIDE SENSORY INNERVATION- dorsal scapular nerve

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14
Q

What nerves arise from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

suprascapular nerve, subclavian nerve

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15
Q

spinal nerves of the suprascapular nerve

A

C4-6

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16
Q

Function of the suprascapular nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

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17
Q

Spinal nerves of the subclavian nerve

A

C5-6

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18
Q

Function of the subclavian nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the subclavius muscle

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19
Q

What branches come off of the middle and lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

None

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20
Q

What spinal nerves does the upper trunk carry?

A

C[4]5-6

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21
Q

What spinal nerves does the middle trunk carry?

A

C7

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22
Q

What spinal nerves does the lower trunk carry?

A

C8-T1

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23
Q

How many anterior divisions are there and which trunks of the brachial plexus do they come from?

A

3

one from each trunk of the brachial plexus

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24
Q

How many posterior divisions are there and which trunks of the brachial plexus do they come from?

A

3

one from each trunk

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25
Which nerves branch off of the divisions of the brachial plexus?
none
26
What branches off of/arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, lateral root of the median nerve
27
What branches off of/arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, medial root of the median nerve, ulnar nerve
28
What are the 3 sections of the trunks of the brachial plexus?
upper, middle, lower
29
What branches off of/arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
upper subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, lower subscapular nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve
30
What arises from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunk?
The lateral cord
31
What arises from the posterior divisions of all 3 trunks?
posterior cord
32
What arises from the anterior division of the lower trunk?
medial cord
33
spinal nerves of the lateral pectoral nerve
C5-7 | C7 innervation from ansa pectoralis
34
Function of lateral pectoral nerve
sensory, motor, and postganglionic sympathetic. innervation to the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
35
Spinal nerves of the musculocutaneous nerve
C5-7
36
Function of the musculocutaneous nerve
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor innervation of anterior compartment of the arm (biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis)
37
What does the musculocutaneous nerve later become?
the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
38
Function of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
(continuation of musculocutaneous) sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin over lateral aspect of the FOREARM
39
Spinal nerves of the lateral root of the median nerve
C5-7
40
Muscular branches of the median nerve (both lateral and medial roots)
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation--> SUPERFICIAL AND INTERMEDIATE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE FOREARM: (superficial) flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus & pronator teres muscle (intermediate) flexor digitorum superficialis (**EXCEPT FCU--> ULNAR NERVE) DEEP LAYER OF ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM: flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus (lateral/radial portion) pronator qudratus --> anterior interosseous nerve THE HAND: lateral/radial two lumbricals
41
What nerves arise from the lateral root of the median nerve?
anterior interosseous nerve palmar cutaneous branch recurrent branch of median nerve common and proper palmar digital nerves and muscular branches to hand and forearm
42
What muscles are innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve?
flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis muscles
43
What two nerves arise from the medial and lateral root of the median nerve and provide sensory and postganglionic innervation to the skin of the hand?
palmar cutaneous branch- skin of radial aspect of the palm of the hand common and proper palmar digital nerves- skin of digits 1-4
44
spinal nerves of the medial pectoral nerve
C8-T1
45
Function of the medial pectoral nerve
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. to pec major and minor
46
Function of the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm
ONLY SENSORY AND POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC INN--> medial aspect of arm and forearm **NO MOTOR
47
What nerves/branches arise from the medial root of the median nerve?
(same as lateral root) muscular branches in forearm and hand anterior interosseous nerve palmar cutaneous branch recurrent branch of the median nerve common and proper palmar digital nerves
48
spinal nerves of the medial root of the median nerve
C8-T1
49
Spinal nerves of the ulnar nerve
C7-T1
50
What nerves/branches come off of the ulnar nerve?
muscular branches in forearm, palmar cutaneous branch, - common palmar digital nerves - proper palmar (digits 4-5) digital nerves dorsal cutaneous branch, deep (terminal) branch
51
Muscular branches of the ulnar nerve provide innervation to which muscles?
MUSCULAR BRANCH flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar portion) DEEP MUSCULAR BRANCH (C8-T1) (terminal branch) ``` Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens digiti minimi Palmar interossei Dorsal interossei Medial/ulnar two lumbricals Adductor pollicis muscles ```
52
What two nerves arise from the ulnar nerve and provide sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to skin on the ulnar side of the palm (digit 4 and 5) and the skin on the dorsal surfaces of digit 4 and 5 (ulnar side)?
palmar cutaneous branch dorsal cutaneous branch
53
Spinal nerves of upper subscapular nerve
C5-6
54
Function of upper subscapular nerve
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. to subscapularis muscle
55
spinal nerves of the thoracodorsal nerve
C6-8
56
Function of thoracodorsal nerve
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. of latissimus dorsi
57
spinal nerves of the lower subscapular nerve
C5-6
58
Function of the lower subscapular nerve
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. to subscapularis and teres major muscles
59
Spinal nerves of the axillary nerve
C5-6 "2 assassins"
60
Function of the axillary nerve
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. to the deltoid and teres minor muscles
61
What nerve comes off the of the axillary nerve and provides sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the skin over the superior, lateral aspect of the arm?
The superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
62
Spinal nerves of the radial nerve
C5-T1 "5 rats"
63
Muscular branches of the radial nerve (arm and forearm)
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF ARM/FOREARM- triceps brachii, anconeus ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF ARM- brachialis POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM- (Superficial)-bachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi (deep) - supinator, extensor indicis, abductor pollics longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus - -> INCLUDES THUMB MUSCLES
64
What nerve arises from the radial nerve and supplies sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the skin on the posterior aspect of the forearm?
posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
65
What does the superficial (terminal) branch of the radial nerve provide innervation to?
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to skin of radial side of dorsum of hand (back of hand on lateral side)
66
What muscle is innervated by both the musculocutaneous nerve and a small branch of the radial nerve?
The brachialis muscle

CLINICAL ANATOMY- UPPER EXTREMITY (17 decks)

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