The Brain

Question 1

The type of neurons:
Sensory Neurons

Answer 1

The feeling of heat.

Question 2

The type of neurons:
Motor Neurons

Answer 2

Moving the hand away from the heat

Question 3

The type of neuron:
Interneurons

Answer 3

“Ah that’s hot!”

Question 4

Parts of the neuron
Dendrites, axon, cell body, nucleus, myelin sheath, synaptic vesicles

Answer 4

Make a picture and compare to study guide.

Question 5

Synapse

Answer 5

Junction between axon tip and the dendrite/cell body of receiving neuron.

Question 5

Multiple Sclerosis (M.S)

Answer 5

Damage to brain and spinal cord: Disrupts communication between brain and body.

Question 6

All or None Law

Answer 6

Either it is all or nothing in the neuron.
Either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur.

Question 7

Neurotransmitters:
Acetylcholine (Ach)

Answer 7

Enables muscle action learning and memory
Causes Alzheimer’s due to the lack of Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 8

Neurotransmitters:
Dopamine

Answer 8

Movement, though process and reward.
Causes Parkinson’s due to lack of dopamine and to much causes schizophrenia.

Question 9

Neurotransmitters:
Endorphins

Answer 9

Releases in response to pain and stress. Natural opiates.

Question 10

Neurotransmitters:
Serotonin

Answer 10

Involved in sleep, sensory perception, mood and emotional stress.
Causes depression if there is too little.

Question 11

Neurotransmitters:
Norepinephrine

Answer 11

Physical arousal, controls alertness, learning, and memory retrieval. “fight or flight”
Little amount causes a depressed mood.
Stress stimulates the release of norepinephrine.

Question 12

Neurotransmitters:
GABA

Answer 12

Major inhibitor, keeps neurons from firing.
Undersupply linked to tremors and insomnia.

Question 13

Nervous System:
Central

Answer 13

Spinal cord and brain

Question 14

Nervous System:
Peripheral

Answer 14

Rest of body

Question 15

Nervous System:
Somatic

Answer 15

Controls voluntary skeletal movements.
Somo=skeletal

Question 16

Nervous System:
Autonomic

Answer 16

Controls internal organs
Auto=automatic check in’s on insides

Question 17

Nervous System:
Sympathetic

Answer 17

Arousing, “Fight or Flight”
Sympathetic= Alertness, need to be around, awaking.

Question 18

Nervous System:
Parasympathetic

Answer 18

Calming, sleep
Paralysis=sleep and calm, not moving

Question 19

Neuroplasticity:
Functional

Answer 19

Ability to transfers functions from damaged part of the brain to the undamaged parts of the brain.

Question 20

Neuroplasticity:
Structural

Answer 20

Ability to change physical structure of the brain in response to learning or environmental stimulation.

Question 21

Broca’s area

Answer 21

Produces words and speech. Articulates/refines message. Grammar.

Question 22

Wernicke’s area

Answer 22

Comprehension of written and spoken language. Content words.

Question 23

Aphasia

Answer 23

Is an impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage to either Broca’s (lack of speech) or Wernicke’s areas (lack of understanding/lack of comprehension.

Question 24

Parts of the Brain: Medulla

Answer 24

Base of the spinal cord. Controls basic life functions, such as breathing and heartbeat.

Question 25

Parts of the Brain: Reticular Formation

Answer 25

Nerve network in the brainstem that controls arousal. Plays role in alertness and attention. Filters out incoming stimulation in order to focus on task at hand.

Question 26

Parts of the Brain: Cerebellum

Answer 26

The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem. Helps control our highly practiced motor movements. Helps in conditioning. Maybe assonated with ADHD. Involved with implict (unconscious) memory.

Question 27

Parts of the Brain: Hypothalamus

Answer 27

Lies below the (hypo) the thalamus. It directs several maintenance activities like eating, drinking, body temp and control of emotions.

Question 28

Parts of the Brain: Amygdala

Answer 28

Consists of two lima-bean sized neural clusters. found in temporal lobe. Processing emotional reactions. (Stress, anxiety)

Question 29

Parts of the Brain: Hippocampus

Answer 29

Found in temporal lobe. Plays role in processing long-term explicit (conscious) memory of facts and experiences. Also in charge of spatial memory with navigation.

Question 30

Parts of the Brain: Corpus callosum

Answer 30

A large band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres and carrying out messages between them.

Question 31

Parts of the Brain: Frontal

Answer 31

Associated with reward, attention, long term memory, planning, and drive. Speech production.

Question 32

Parts of the Brain: Parietal

Answer 32

Integrates sensory information from different regions oft he brain, spatial sense and navigation.

Question 33

Parts of the Brain: Occipital

Answer 33

Visual processing center. Specialized for different visual tasks, such as visual spatial processing, color discrimination and motor perception.

Question 34

Parts of the Brain: Temporal

Answer 34

Auditory perception; hearing. Processes sematic in both speech and vision.

Question 35

Parts of the Brain: Thalamus

Answer 35

Located on top of the brainstem. Major relay station. Receives input from all sensory systems expect smell. It passes that information to the proper areas of the cortex for processing.

Question 36

Parts of the Brain: Pons

Answer 36

Helps in basic life functions. But mainly play in a role in sleeping and dreaming. Helps coordination and well practiced body movements.