The Brain (BIO 181-201)

Question 1

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 1

all rolled and folded grey matter

Question 2

gyrus (like folia)

Answer 2

• raised portion of folded matter

- have individual functions and names

Question 3

frontal lobe

Answer 3

• large and subdivided

- decision making

Question 4

parietal lobe

Answer 4

reception and evaluation of all general sensory info

Question 5

occipital lobe

Answer 5

• not clearly defined by fissure or suculas

- receives and evaluates visual information

Question 6

temporal lobe

Answer 6

• defined by lateral fissure

- smell, hearing, memory, some judgement and abstract thought

Question 7

insula

Answer 7

deep in lateral fissure

Question 8

fornix

Answer 8

tract

relays information

Question 9

1st and 2nd lateral ventricles

Answer 9

big ventricles
corri plexus
produces and holds CSF

Question 10

3rd ventricle

Answer 10

on midline of 2 hemispheres
splits thalamus
hole inside
anchors left and right sides of thalamus

Question 11

mesencephalic aqueduct

Answer 11

how 3rd and 4th ventricles communicate

Question 12

4th ventricle

Answer 12

narrows and becomes part of central canal of spinal cord

Question 13

arachnoid villi

Answer 13

extensions of arachnoid matter that goes into superior sagittal sinus

Question 14

Cerebrospinal fluid

CSF

Answer 14

keeps brain moist
protective cushion
takes toxins out

Question 15

arachnoid granulations

Answer 15

• clusters of arachnoid villi

- excess CSF goes into venal sinus–> jugular vein (circulates) –> general circulations (small quantities)

Question 16

pineal gland

Answer 16

responds to light and dark
secretes melatonin (hormone) into blood

Question 17

medulla oblongata

Answer 17

• mesencephalon

- everything goes through this because it’s between brain and spine

Question 18

pyramids

Answer 18

big, raised areas
carry information
white matter
formed by cortiospinal tracts

Question 19

olives (olivary nuclei)

Answer 19

bulge

nuclei from propriceptors

Question 20

pons

Answer 20

• large, shield shape
• part of brain stem
• tracts and nuclei
• connects one area of the brain (or cns) to the other

Question 21

midbrain (mesencephalon)

Answer 21

small

contains nuclei and tracts

Question 22

substantia nigra

Answer 22

large, boomerang
black (large concentration of melanoma)
produces dopamine

Question 23

reticular formation (reticular activating system)

Answer 23

• medulla, pons, midbrain
• ascending, descending neurons
• RAS: keeps concious and alert; responds to sensory input; becomes less sensitive at night

Question 24

cerebellum (little brain)

Answer 24

compares intended moves with ones that are actually happening to smooth complex movements

• regulates posture and balance
• may have a role in cognition and language processing

Question 25

3 paired cerebellar peduncles

Answer 25

- big tracts - axons - information between cerebellum and other parts of the brain

Question 26

inferior cerebellar peduncles

Answer 26

- sensory information from inner ear (balance and equilibrium) - propriceptor information is carried through

Question 27

middle cerebellar peduncles

Answer 27

largest | cerebrum axons to cerebellum (motor info)

Question 28

superior cerebellar peduncles

Answer 28

- axons from cerebellum--> red nuclei and nuclei in thalamus - coordination - regulates muscle tone

Question 29

vermis

Answer 29

posture, walking, running, fine motor coordination control

Question 30

thalamus

Answer 30

- intermediate mass in middle - has 2 halves and allows halves to communicate - passes through hole of 3rd ventricle - almost all grey matter - 80% of diencephalon

Question 31

thalamus functions

Answer 31

- sensory except for smell passes through to go to correct place - relays nerve impulses - regulates autonomic activity - maintenance of consciousness

Question 32

hypothalamus

Answer 32

- no blood brain barrier - master gland - most inferior component of diencephelon - major regulator of homeostasis of body - small with many parts