The Brain & Neurons Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the physical source of thought, emotions, and decision-making?
The brain.
Why is the brain considered the most complex mechanism in the known universe?
Due to its structure, billions of neurons, and complex neural connections.
What are neurons?
Specialized cells in the brain that transmit and process information.
What is the function of dendrites?
Receiving signals from other neurons.
What is the cell body’s role in a neuron?
Summing up excitatory and inhibitory signals before firing an action potential.
What is the axon responsible for?
Transmitting electrical signals from the cell body to other neurons.
What is the myelin sheath, and why is it important?
A fatty tissue layer that insulates axons to speed up signal transmission.
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
What is the synapse?
The small gap between neurons where neurotransmitters transmit signals.
What are neurotransmitters?
Chemicals that transmit signals across the synapse between neurons.
What is the all-or-nothing principle in neuron firing?
Neurons either fire completely or not at all, like a gunshot or a sneeze.
The brain is made up of billions of _______ that transmit information.
Neurons.
The _______ is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons.
Dendrites.
The gap between two neurons is called a _______
Synapse.
The brain’s complexity is due to its massive network of _______.
Neural connections.
Dopamine
Associated with pleasure and movement.
Serotonin
Regulates mood and happiness.
Norepinephrine
Increases alertness and arousal.
